چالش‌های فراروی مبانی تمدن غرب از دیدگاه غرب

درحالی‎ که اندیشمندان غربی، با تاکید بر نظریات خطی و نظریۀ «تطور انواع» داروین، معتقد بودند روح کلی حاکم بر جهانیان توانسته به حداکثر ترقی خود برسد و بشر سعادتمند عصر مدرن -به‎عنوان ظاهر این روح- به خودآگاهی رسیده است و حتی فوکویاما لیبرال‎دمکراسی را سرنوشت محتوم جوامع بشری می‎داند، اما به‎مرور چالش‎های فراروی تمدن غرب آشکار شد و حتی افرادی چون اشپنگلر، با تمرکز بر سیر دَوَرانی تاریخ، برای تمدن‎ غرب اضمحلال و فروپاشی پیش‎بینی کردند! سوال اصلی این پژوهش آن است که: چه بر سر تمدن غرب آمده که اندیشمندان غربی آن را پروژه‎ای ناتمام توصیف کرده و درصدد تحول در مبانی فکری خود برآمده‎اند؟ این مقاله بر آن است که این مبانی را برشمرده و چالش‎های فراروی آن‎ها را بررسی کند. نوع این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و با روش کتابخانه‎ای صورت گرفته است. یافته‎های پژوهش نشان می‎دهد بسیاری از چالش‎های تمدن غرب ریشه در مبانی نظری این تمدن دارد. اومانیسم، سکولاریسم، عقل‎گرایی و علم‎گرایی -که مبانی لیبرال‎دمکراسی هستند- موجب بروز چالش‎های جدی در تمدن غرب شده است.

challenges facing the foundations of western civilization from the western perspective

while western thinkers, emphasizing linear theories and darwin’s evolution of species theory, believed that the general spirit that governs the world has reached its maximum development and the happy human being of the modern era has reached self-awareness as the manifestation of this spirit. even fukuyama considers liberal democracy to be the inevitable fate of human societies, but the challenges facing western civilization became apparent over time, and even people like spengler, focusing on the cyclical course of history, predicted the decline and collapse of western civilization. ! the main question of this research is: what happened to western civilization that western thinkers described as an unfinished project and tried to change their intellectual foundations? this article aims to enumerate these bases and examine the challenges facing them. the type of this study is descriptive-analytical and it was done with a library method. the findings of the research show that many of the challenges of western civilization are rooted in the theoretical foundations of this civilization. humanism, secularism, rationalism and scientism - which are the foundations of liberal democracy - have caused serious challenges in western civilization.the main question of the current research is: what happened to a civilization that was once moving towards progress and development with increasing speed, that now it is described as an unfinished project and they tried to change their intellectual foundations.it seems that the emergence of challenges and crises in humanism, secularism, rationalism, scientism as the foundations of liberal-democracy has caused serious challenges in western civilization. therefore, the above article tries to enumerate these foundations and components and examine the challenges facing them. the type of this study is descriptive-analytical which was conducted using the library method.