بررسی تاب آوری کالبدی مساکن خانوارهای روستایی در برابر سیل (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان درگز)

ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﺳﯿﻞ در اﯾﺮان ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮای روﺳﺘﺎﺋﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎب آوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﺑﺎﻻ در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﻞ ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎبآوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ ی ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن درﮔﺰ در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﻼب و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ای ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﺎزه ﺗﺎبآوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ در 5ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﺎبآوری ﻣﮑﺎن، ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ، ﺳﺎزهای، ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ی و ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮذﻫﻨﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ 36ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﻃﯿﻒ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﮐﻤﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ اوﻟﯿﻪ 9 روﺳﺘﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﯾﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ در زﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺳﺎل 1399 دارای 1514 واﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان و ﺧﻄﺎ ی 0/06 ﻣﻌﺎدل 225 واﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮار اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ در ﺳﺎزه ﺗﺎب آوری 0/95 و ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﺎب آوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﺠﺰ ﺑُﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ، و ﺳﺎزة ﺗﺎب آوری ﺑﺎ 2/62ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﺮی و در ﺣﺪ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ در روﺳﺘﺎ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ، ﺗﺎب آوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ و درآﻣﺪ ﺗﺎب آور ی ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ ی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﺿﻌﯿﻒ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻨﺎ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن، ﺗﺎب آوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺎب آوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی در ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺳﺎز 2/99و ﺑﻨﺎﺳﺎز ﻣﺤﻠﯽ 2/17 و در ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮادی ﮐﻪ وام ﻣﺴﮑﻦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ2/83 ، و اﻓﺮادی ﮐﻪ وام درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﮑﺮدهاﻧﺪ 2/32 اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺎبآوری ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﮐﻦ دارای ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎدوام ﺑﺎ 2/97، ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺑﺎدوام 2/15و ﮐﻢ دوام 2/12اﺳﺖ. ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣ ﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺎب آوری در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎی دارای اﺳﮑﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ آرﻣﻪ 3/32، اﺳﮑﻠﺖ ﻓﻠﺰی 2/95، آﻫﻦ و ﻃﺎق 2/15 و اﺳﮑﻠﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﭼﻮب 2/12 اﺳﺖ

investigating the physical resilience of rural households against floods: a case study of dargaz county

flood hazards in iran annually inflict significant damages on rural areas, particularly impacting the housing sector. consequently, focusing on the physical resilience of rural housing is essential due to its heightened vulnerability to floods. this study aims to assess the level of physical resilience of rural dwellings in dargaz county facing floods and examine the influential contextual factors. the research, characterized by an applied purpose and a descriptive-analytical nature, relies on field surveys. the structure of physical housing resilience is quantified across five components: spatial, legal, structural, functional, and perceptual resilience, utilizing 36 indicators within the likert spectrum. following preliminary exploratory studies, nine villages with the highest flood vulnerability in the city were identified as the research sample. at the time of the 1399 study, these villages housed 1514 residential units, with 225 units determined as the sample using the cochran’s formula. the research tool was completed with the assistance of household heads. the reliability of the questionnaire, assessed using cronbach’s alpha coefficient in the resilience structure, was 0.95, indicating a desirable level. results indicated that the overall average of physical housing resilience (excluding the legal dimension) and the resilience structure was significantly lower than the theoretical average, falling within the low to moderate range. furthermore, as residence duration and the age of homeowners in the village increased, the physical resilience of housing showed a weakening trend. conversely, increased years of education and income were associated with a higher level of physical housing resilience, albeit with weak intensity.