approaches to traditional vaccines and the development of new person-centered vaccines

According to the world health organization, immunizations save between two and three million lives every year by avoiding illness. in addition to these immunizations, eradicating human smallpox was possible and is close to eradicating polio. in addition, vaccines have a significant economic impact because they prevent hospitalization of patients and other care costs. a vaccine is a biological product that specifically leads to acquired immunity against a pathogenic pathogen and prevents the disease in the face of the main pathogen in a person. therefore, vaccines are an important tool for maintaining health in the global community. traditional vaccines have been used against a wide range of pathogenic pathogens, both viral and bacterial, and have been successful. however, these vaccines do not work and are ineffective against pathogens that change rapidly in terms of genetic material and surface epitopes. during the last decade, vaccines based on nucleic acids, viral vectors and biomaterials have shown promising results. this study has discussed an overview of traditional vaccines, mrna-based vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, and biomaterials.