evaluation of personalized medicine for patients with brain and spinal cord injury using the nigella sativa l. seed: an updated comprehensive and critical review

Introduction: nigella sativa (ns) is a widely used medicinal plant and appears to have a general health protective effect. as has been reported previously, pharmacological actions of ns have been explored including antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodilative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepatoprotective, renal protective, antioxidant properties, gastroprotective, antihistaminic, antibacterial, neuroprotective and antioxidative effects and etc. methods: the present review aimed to give a personalized care for patients using detailed survey of the literature on and neuroprotective activities of the plant. pubmed, science direct, google scholar and springer databases were searched from 1983 till january 2015. key words were included: n. sativa, black seed, neuropathy, neuroprotective, brain and spinal injury, thymoquinone and posttrauma. searching was limited to articles with english language. review articles, case reports, abstract in symposium and congress, studies on n. sativa mixed with other plants were excluded. this study thus launches a huge resource for understanding the role of ns in in brain and spinal cord tissue damage after trauma with broad relevance for personalized medicine. results: results indicated that based on personalized medicine many of the herbal attributes of the herbal are due to the thymoquinone presence as its bioactive component, and therapy with ns notably decreased post-traumatic degenerative neurons and distorted nerve cells were not primarily treated in ns rats. in conclusion, ns can improve neuropathic status and neurological dysfunctions in the brain and spinal injury models. however, more clinical trials are necessary to clarify beneficial effects of ns its effective type and dosage for neuropathies management and its complications. conclusions: finally, ns treatment might be effective in detrimental the cerebral and spinal cord after trauma as personalized care for patients, and therefore shows potential for clinical implications.