identification and prioritization of key factors affecting workforce productivity using grey delphi and grey dematel: a case study

Enhancing workforce productivity is a critical challenge for industrial and engineering companies. this study aims to identify and prioritize key factors influencing workforce productivity using a structured multi-criteria decision-making approach. initially, the grey delphi method was employed to gather expert opinions and determine the most influential criteria, leading to the identification of six main criteria and twenty-two sub-criteria. subsequently, the grey dematel technique was applied with inputs from four decision-makers to analyze causal relationships and rank these factors. the results indicate that managerial factors had the highest impact on workforce productivity, followed by socio-psychological factors and economic factors. among the sub-criteria, leadership style, job satisfaction, and alignment between personal interests and job roles were identified as the most critical. these findings provide valuable insights for managers and policymakers, highlighting the need for leadership development, employee engagement, and tailored motivational strategies to enhance productivity. this study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating grey delphi and grey dematel in decision-making processes, offering a systematic approach to optimizing workforce performance in complex organizational environments.