ارزیابی سیاست های کلی فرهنگی برنامه‌های توسعه در دوره چشم انداز 1404

یکی از مهم‌ترین ضعف‌های قوانین برنامه‌های پنج‌ساله توسعه، عدم تحقق سیاست‌های کلی فرادست این برنامه‌ها در اغلب بخش‌ها به‌ویژه در بخش فرهنگ است. میزان انطباق بین این دو سطح از سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‌ریزی را می‌توان در مفاد، مختصات و منطوق سیاست‌های کلی جستجو نمود. هدفی که این مطالعه در پی بررسی آن بوده، ارزیابی سیاست‌های کلی برنامه‌های توسعه در بخش فرهنگ است. این مطالعه به روش ترکیبی شامل مطالعه کیفی با تکنیک تحلیل مضمونی سیاست‌ها و استخراج مقولات اساسی آنها و سپس مطالعه کمی به روش مصاحبه ساختاریافته با 14 نفر از کارشناسان حوزه برنامه‌ریزی فرهنگی که به صورت هدفدار انتخاب شدند، صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که سیاست‌های کلی برنامه پنجم بالاترین نمره ارزیابی و سیاست‌های کلی برنامه چهارم در رتبه دوم و سیاست‌های کلی برنامه ششم در جایگاه سوم قرارگرفته و هر سه مجموعه دارای نمره بالاتر از متوسط و در حد مطلوب ارزیابی‌ شده است. همچنین در بین مولفه‌های مختلف، انطباق با مبانی فرادستی و قانون اساسی بالاترین نمره و زمانمندی و انطباق با منابع بودجه‌ای در کمترین حد انطباق ارزیابی شده است. به علاوه سیاست‌های کلی برنامه چهارم دارای کمترین و سیاست‌های کلی برنامه ششم دارای بیشتری اثربخشی در اجرا بوده است. در خصوص اثربخشی و نفوذ سیاست‌های کلی در مرحله تقنین، بالاترین اثربخشی از آن برنامه پنجم و کمترین اثربخشی مربوط به برنامه چهارم ارزیابی شده است.

evaluation of macro cultural policies of development programs in the 1404 vision period

any form of policymaking and macro-level planning within the geographical boundaries of a country or nation-state must necessarily pass through formal and competent channels of policy and legislation. in terms of development planning, this implies that legislators should design medium- and short-term plans inspired by the foundational ideals of development, often articulated in documents such as the constitution and macro-strategic frameworks like visions or general policy guidelines.the effectiveness of political and legislative documents, and of development plans themselves, depends on adherence to established rules and criteria that must be observed in drafting general policies and subsequent programs.a critical issue—frequently noted in evaluations—is the lack of adherence to these necessary standards in the formulation of the general policies of development pro-grams. this shortcoming has led to weaknesses and deficiencies in both the real-ization of general policies and in ensuring that subordinate laws align with these principles.one of the most significant shortcomings in the laws governing five-year devel-opment plans is the failure to implement the general policies of these plans across all sectors, particularly in the cultural domain. this study specifically focuses on cultural policy, as cultural policies more than any other domain reflect the founda-tional spirit of the islamic revolution and the constitution. accordingly, this study evaluates and analyzes the general cultural policies of development programs. to this end, the cultural policy content of development programs during the “vi-sion 1404” period was examined and assessed based on established policymaking criteria. the study identifies the damages, deficiencies, and weaknesses embedded in these policies that have hindered effective implementation.two methods were employed to evaluate and diagnose the general policies in the cultural sector. first, a qualitative thematic analysis of the content of general pol-icies was conducted, from which key themes, axes, and categories were extracted in order to trace their presence and implementation within the development pro-gram laws. second, the extent of compliance with policymaking rules and criteria was assessed through consultations with experts and key informants in cultural affairs.a total of 14 experts were consulted in two phases—first for validating criteria and rules, and second for evaluating and diagnosing general cultural policies. the sample was purposive and included experts from the program and budget organ-ization, cultural institutions such as the ministry of culture, the secretariat of the supreme council of the cultural revolution, as well as researchers and graduate students (ma and phd) in cultural policy and management.the findings of the study indicate that the general cultural policies of the devel-opment programs during the vision period suffer from several key issues. rec-ommendations are provided to avoid these shortcomings in future policy formu-lations.among the various plans, the general policies of the fourth plan were found to be least effective in implementation, while those of the sixth plan were rated as relatively more effective. however, on average, the effectiveness of cultural policy sets in all development plans remained below a score of 4 (on a likely scale of 1–5), indicating a medium-to-good level of effectiveness overall.regarding legislative impact, the policies of the fifth development program had the highest effectiveness, while those of the fourth program were the lowest. in terms of overall evaluation, the policies of the fifth program received the highest score, followed by the fourth, and then the sixth. all three, however, scored above average and were considered to be at an acceptable level. among the various com-ponents of the policy evaluation index, the criterion of “compliance with funda-mental principles and the constitution” received the highest score, while “timeli-ness” and “alignment with budgetary resources” were rated lowest.in other words, the general policies suffer from limited feasibility in terms of time-bound implementation, inadequate consideration of budgetary, financial, and in-stitutional capacities, insufficient alignment with global best practices, and lack of clarity in assigning responsible implementing agencies to ensure proper oversight. some of the provisions and clauses are overly general, ambiguous, and therefore subject to interpretation—an issue that must be addressed in the drafting of future policies. additionally, certain cultural policies tend to be justificatory in nature, focusing on preserving the status quo rather than pursuing bold reforms of cultural structures.another critical flaw is the lack of reliance on collective wisdom—expert, scien-tific, managerial—and, consequently, the failure to foster broad societal engage-ment. to address these issues, it is essential that the formulation of future policies draw more extensively on key studies in the cultural field and the insights of ex-perts, researchers, and specialists.