knockout serum replacement as a substitute for exosome free serum

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted from cells, play a major role in cellular communication and are also involved in pathological mechanisms of various diseases. todays, isolation and characterization of exosomes from various cells using in vitro cell culture are important topics in experimental studies. fetal bovine serum (fbs) because of having a high content of exosomes has a limitation in using that for in vitro cell culture. knockout serum replacement, exosome free serum, can be an alternative for cell culture and subsequently isolate exosome.