analysis of factors limiting the presence of women in urban spaces and hangouts: a case study of district 5 of tehran

Following the expansion of the city and urbanization in the contemporary era and its synchronicity with the cultural developments born of modernism, the world has seen a stronger presence of women in the social and economic arenas. according to this presence, new issues are raised about urban spaces and women. one of these issues is the presence or absence of women in spaces and hangouts in cities. the present study was prepared with the aim of investigating and analyzing the factors limiting the presence of women in urban hangouts in the 5th district of tehran. the current research is an applied research in terms of its purpose, and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature and methodology, and its technique is a survey. the sampling method in this research is a random method and the sample size is equal to 385 people, and the same number of questionnaires were collected in the 5th district of tehran. the tool used in this research to analyze the research data is spss software, and the pearson correlation statistical method was used to analyze the data. the concepts examined in the form of 4 physical concepts, environment design elements, networks of communication ways and non-physical concepts and in the form of 11 indicators including, mixing of land uses and related activities, attraction of land uses and night life, legibility of the environment, lighting, disorder in the space, ease of access, gender discrimination in the space, personal experience, feeling of security, surveillance by the public and surveillance by the police were evaluated. the results of the research showed that according to the respondents in the 5th district of tehran, the mixing of residential land uses in inappropriate conditions, in terms of environmental design elements in inappropriate conditions, in terms of passageways and access methods in relatively moderate conditions, and in terms of gender justice and supervision it is in relatively low condition.