Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Using Funaria hygrometrica Extract, and theStudy of Its Antimicrobial Activities

Over time, microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs has gradually raised and istherefore a considerable threat to public health. to tackle the menace of multiresistantmicrobial activities which pose challenges to scientist, iron oxidenanoparticles (fe2o3 nps) due to their importance in medicinal chemistry beenknown to exhibit antimicrobial activities against some microbes was synthesizedusing funaria hygrometrica to investigate its antimicrobial activities againstsome selected microbes and then compared with two standard drugsciprofloxacin and terbinafine. funaria hygrometrica, a commonly found mossspecies, was employed as a natural source of reducing, capping, and stabilizingagents for the synthesis of fe2o3 nanoparticles by co-precipitation method. thesynthesized fe2o3nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as uvspectrophotometerwith a peak appearing at 335.00 ± 0.877 nm to indicate theband gap for synthesized iron from the funaria hygrometrica, x-ray diffraction(xrd), with spectrum characteristics diffraction peaks at two-theta angles of24.1°, 33.1°, 35.61°, 39.3°, 40.8°, 43.5°, 49.4°, 54.0°, 57.6°, 62.4°, 63.96°, and71.91°, which conformed with haematite (fe2o3), scanning electronmicrograph/energy dispersive xray (sem/edx) spectroscopy which revealedits morphology of heterogenous dark surface with the elemental composition of76.86% fe and 23.14% o. also, nanoparticles' diameter and structure weredetermined from transmission electron micrograph (tem) of fe2o3 nanoparticleto be 63.142 ± 16.633 nm, hexagonal crystal system, and roughly spherical. thesynthesized fe2o3 nanoparticles were screened against some selected microbes todetermine its zone of inhibition (zoi), minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)at 100 mg/l doses to inhibit the growth of escherichia coli bacteria andaspergillus flavus, trichophyton mentagrophyte fungi and the minimumbactericidal and fungicidal concentration (mbc/mfc) which completelyinactivating salmonella typhi at a dose of 100 mg/l.