isolation and identification of compounds in the leaf ficus sycomorus linn moraceae by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infra-red and ultraviolet spectroscopy

This study was aimed at evaluating phytochemical constituents and characterization of the active principles using uv‚ ftir and gc-ms spectroscopic techniques. the leaves of ficus sycomorus were collected from alau-dam‚ jere local government area of borno state‚ nigeria. seven hundred grams (700 g) of dry pulverized ficus sycomorus leaves were extracted with 95% methanol using soxhlet extractor and a gummy dark green mass of 124.8 g crude extract was obtained‚ given a percentage yield of 17.83% w/w. eighty grams (80 g) of crude methanol extract was fractionated through column chromatography and twenty-two (22) eluents of 100 ml aliquot were obtained. similar fractions were then pooled on the basis of their rf values on thin layer chromatography (tlc) and four (4) pooled fractions were obtained‚ coded as fa‚ fb‚ fc and fd. the preliminary phytochemical evaluation investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids‚ carbohydrates‚ tannins‚ cardiac glycoside‚ cardinolides‚ saponins‚ terpenoids and flavonoids. anthraquinones and combine anthraquinones were absent. preparative thin layer chromatography (ptlc) of column fraction fc yielded four sub-fractions (coded c1‚ c2‚ c3 and c4). the interpretation of the uv spectra of sub-fraction c1 revealed that‚ fraction c1 consist of absorption ƛmax at 650.60 nm and 503.00 nm which are similar to ƛmax of alkaloids. also‚ the uv spectra of sub-fraction c3 revealed absorption ƛmax at 657.20 nm‚ 602.80 nm and 503.20 nm which are also similar to ƛmax of alkaloids. these observations were supported by the major functional groups present in their ftir spectra‚ having bands at 3333.1 cm-1 which corresponds to n-h stretch in secondary amine‚ 1790 cm-1 corresponding to c=o stretch of ring carbonyl‚ 1427.37 cm-1 corresponding to c=c stretch of aromatic compounds and 2962.76 cm-1 corresponding to c-h stretch methyl group. these sub-fractions were also subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and the analysis of the result compared with nist library revealed similar compounds. the compounds were‚ 2-acetyl-3-methylaminocyclopentenone‚ 9-anthracenyltrimethylsilane‚ 6‚13-bis(2‚5-dimethylphenyl)-dibenzo[c‚h]diazecine‚ 4’-dimethylamino-2’-(trimethylsilyl)acetanilide‚ 5-methyl-4-hydroxybenzoylhydrazonefurfurole‚ 4-(3‚4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-thiazolamine and cyclobarbital.