the effect of exercise training with nano selenium supplementation on ldha, ldhb genes and ldha/ldhb ratio at breast tumor tissue of mouse model

This study investigated the effects of high intensity interval training (hiit), nano-selenium supplementation, and their combination on the expression of ldha, ldhb, and the ldha/ldhb ratio in mice breast tumor tissue. female mice (n=32) were inoculated with mammary adenocarcinoma cells (4t1) and randomly assigned to four groups (n=8 each): tumor control (tu), tumor+hiit (tu+ex), tumor + nano-selenium (tu+nsel, 2 mg/kg/day orally), and tumor+hiit+nano-selenium (tu+ex+nsel). hiit was performed on a treadmill (30 min/day, 5 days/week) for four weeks. one-way anova revealed significant differences among groups for ldha expression (f=38.66, p<0.0001). compared to the tu group, all intervention groups (tu+ex,tu+nsel, and tu+ex+nsel) showed a significant increase in ldha expression (p<0.05). the greatest increase was observed in the combined treatment group (tu+ex+nsel), which was significantly higher than both tu+ex and tu+nsel (p<0.001). for the ldha/ldhb ratio, a significant overall effect was found (f=163.87, p<0.0001). the tu+nsel group exhibited a significant increase in the ratio compared to the tu group (p<0.05), whereas both tu+ex and tu+ex+nsel showed a significant decrease in the ratio (p<0.05). the ratio in the tu+nsel group was also significantly higher than in the two exercise containing groups (p<0.05). hiit and nano-selenium independently upregulate ldha expression in breast tumor tissue, with an additive effect when combined. however, only nano-selenium alone increased the ldha/ldhb ratio, while exercise-based interventions (with or without nano-selenium) decreased this ratio. these findings suggest that exercise and nano-selenium differentially shift the balance between ldha and ldhb, potentially influencing tumor lactate metabolism and the tumor microenvironment.