high-intensity interval training upregulates adiponectin receptor 1 expression and modulates serum antioxidant enzymes in a murine model of breast cancer

This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (hiit) on adiponectin receptor 1 (adipr1) gene expression in breast tumor tissue and serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione reductase (gr) in a murine model of breast cancer. sixteen female balb/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 4t1 murine mammary carcinoma cells (5 × 10⁵ cells/mouse). one week post-inoculation, mice were randomly assigned to either a tumor-bearing control group (tumor, n=8) or a tumor-bearing group subjected to hiit (tumor+hiit, n=8). the hiit protocol was performed on a motor-driven treadmill five days/week for four weeks, consisting of six 2-minute high-intensity intervals (18–25 m/min, 80–90% vo₂max) interspersed with 3-minute active recovery periods (5–9 m/min). twenty-four hours after the final session, tumor tissues were excised for adipr1 gene expression analysis via quantitative real-time pcr (2^-δδct method), and serum samples were collected for assessment of gpx and gr levels using elisa. statistical comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests (p<0.05). hiit significantly upregulated adipr1 gene expression in breast tumor tissue compared to the control group (p<0.0001). serum gpx levels were significantly decreased in the tumor+hiit group compared to the tumor control group (p<0.0001). however, no significant difference was observed in serum gr levels between the two groups (p=0.7499). these findings suggest that hiit may influence breast cancer progression through adiponectin-mediated pathways and oxidative stress regulation, providing a potential non-pharmacological adjunctive strategy for breast cancer management. further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.