combined resistance training and pineapple extract slow melanoma growth and alter liver apoptosis in mice

Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with a high propensity for metastasis, particularly to the liver. this study investigated the individual and combined effects of resistance training (rt) and pineapple extract (pe) supplementation on primary melanoma tumor growth and the expression of hepatic apoptotic markers (bax, bcl-2) in a murine model. c57bl/6 mice bearing subcutaneous b16f10 melanoma tumors were allocated to four groups: tumor control (tc), rt, pe, and combined (rt+pe). the six-week intervention consisted of ladder-climbing rt and/or oral pe supplementation. tumor volume was measured throughout the study. upon completion, hepatic bax and bcl-2 gene expression was analyzed via qpcr. while rt and pe alone did not significantly affect tumor volume, the combined (rt+pe) group showed a significant reduction compared to the tc group (p<0.05). in the liver, all intervention groups (rt, pe, and combined) significantly decreased pro-apoptotic bax expression and increased anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression relative to the tc group (p<0.05). the combination of resistance training and pineapple extract exhibits a synergistic effect in reducing primary melanoma tumor growth. furthermore, both interventions independently and collectively modulate systemic apoptotic markers in the liver, suggesting a potential role in influencing the hepatic microenvironment. this non-invasive combinatorial approach may represent a promising complementary strategy for managing melanoma progression and its systemic effects.