a review on sustainable hybrid water treatment processes

According to the rapid growth of the global population in recent years, as well as the improper use of water resources, serious challenges have been magnified in supplying required water in developing countries. another challenge is the global demand for energy, which has led to many fields of research on green energy and renewable energy. recently, there has been a growing interest in developing efficient and advanced sustainable energy technologies such as membrane and hybrid technologies with the ability to reduce worldwide environmental impact. a way for reducing the energy consumption in supplying water is using the benefits of two or more technologies together. key goals in hybrid systems are flexibility, capacity, environmental impacts, energy consumption and quality and quantity of product are considered. in this study, different types of green and sustainable water treatment systems in hybrid and single stage were reviewed in order to move toward solar energy, no carbon footprint and no liquid discharge systems.