A Differentially-Based Comparative Study of Drama Translation From Page To Stage in Macbeth Using Kowzan’S Theatrical Systems: A Case of Dariush Ashuri’S Translated Text

For a classical foreign-language drama to be performed in the target country, a suitable translation must be performed on the stage. in this way, the audience of that performance can communicate with it and understand everything they want to read in the play's physical version. this research indicates that the translation of a drama on pages is different from the translation of that drama on stage. despite these differences, a play the size of macbeth can be performed on stage. for this reason, this study was conducted to examine the differences between the translation on page and stage of macbeth, the result of which can help improve the quality of the translation on the stage of a play. in this study, the researcher compares the translated text of macbeth's play with its translation on stage. this comparison is based on the framework introduced by kowzan (1968). kowzan introduced 13 theatrical systems and then divided them into *ve categories. by comparing the translation on pages and stage of macbeth, according to kowzan theatrical systems, differences between the two translations were identi*ed in these *ve categories (spoken text, expression of the body, stage appearance, actor external appearance, and inarticulate sound). the researcher has clearly explained these differences along with the reason for their occurrence in this research. finally, the frequency of each category was displayed in a pie chart by the spss program. according to this calculation, it was found that the spoken text category has the largest number of differences between the translation on pages and stage by 42% percent. the high percentage of differences in this category is that spoken text deals with the translated text more than other categories. this research is trying to help improve the translation quality of plays, strengthen the actor's relationship with the text, and students who study language translation and professors who will become more familiar with how to translate a play, a translation that could be performed the stage of a theater.