therapeutic potentials of ocimum sanctum linn. (tulsi): a comprehensive review of its pharmacological activities

This review summarizes the diverse medicinal properties of ocimum sanctum linn. (tulsi), a revered herb in indian medicine. traditionally praised for its pungency, warmth, and diverse medicinal uses, tulsi’s roots, leaves, and seeds each offer unique benefits. ayurvedic texts categorize tulsi as a stimulant, aromatic, and antipyretic, capable of balancing certain bodily energies while potentially aggravating others. its primary benefits include relieving coughs, promoting sweating, and easing indigestion and appetite loss. more importantly, tulsi demonstrates a remarkable range of biological activities. it exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties, making it effective against various pathogens and even malaria. additionally, its analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and anti-allergic properties offer relief from pain, fever, inflammation, and allergies. tulsi also offers cardiovascular benefits, lowers blood pressure, and protects the heart. beyond the physical, it shows promise in improving memory, regulating cholesterol, protecting the liver, and controlling diabetes and asthma. notably, it exhibits antioxidant and anticancer properties, suggesting potential cancer prevention and radioprotection. furthermore, tulsi boasts immunomodulatory, antifertility, anti-ulcer, and anti-arthritic activities, highlighting its versatility. its adaptogenic/antistress capabilities and potential to prevent cataracts and even skin conditions like leucoderma further showcase its therapeutic breadth. given its vast and seemingly valuable medicinal properties, this review aims to equip researchers and clinicians with the knowledge necessary to properly utilize tulsi in their endeavors.