تبیین مولفه‌های ادراک بصری در ساختار فضایی بازار سنتی تهران

بازارها به‌عنوان یکی از فضاهای شاخص شهری همواره نقش بسزایی در شکل‌گیری شهرها داشته‌اند، لذا برای شناخت ادراکات بصری در محیط بازارهای سنتی ایران، اصول و ضوابط نهفته در معماری آن را باید شناسایی کرد. در این راستا، بازار سنتی تهران به‌عنوان نمونۀ موردی و نیز یکی از بافت‌های تاریخی و قدیمی تهران انتخاب شد. در این تحقیق بر اساس شیوۀ ترکیبی و با رویکرد اکتشافی، اطلاعات مربوط به شاخص‌های محیطی و کالبدی ساختار فضایی برای بررسی مولفه‌های موثر بر ادراک بصری بازار سنتی تهران، جمع‌آوری و در مرحلۀ بعد برای ارزیابی ادارکات بصری افراد، پرسشنامه به‌صورت چک‌لیستی برای فضاهای شاخص بازار تهیه گردید که هر سوال پرسشنامه، یک مولفه را پوشش می‌دهد. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق، شامل120 نفر از کسبه، خریداران یا رهگذرانی که تمایل به مشارکت و سطح بالای عملکرد ادراکی و شناختی هستند که براساس احساسشان این مولفه‌ها را علامت‌گذاری کردند و سپس با استفاده از آزمون‌های کولموگروف، آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن، آزمون کروسکال والیس و یو من ویتنی، داده‌های مرحلۀ کیفی توسط نرم‌افزار spss تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج تحلیل‌ها نشان می‌دهد در بازارهای سنتی، حس بینایی باعث ایجاد ارتباط دوگانه مابین ساختار و عناصر فضایی و ادراک افراد می‌گردد و عواملی همچون مدت فعالیت کسبه و جنسیت و میزان تحصیلات افراد شرکت‌کننده در تحقیق، تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر ادراکات بینایی افراد می‌گذارد و مابین فضاهای شاخصِ بررسی‌شده در بازار تهران، در مسجد امام بیشترین میزان ادراکات بینایی و در سرا امیر کمترین میزان را دارد.

explaining the components of visual perception in the spatial structure of the traditional bazaar of tehran

bazaars, as one of the key urban spaces, have always played a significant role in the formation of cities, therefore, for a deeper understanding of traditional bazaars by people, visual perception as the most basic perceptual dimension can be effective and in order to achieve this goal. the principles and rules hidden in the architecture of spaces should be identified. what can be seen in urban spaces today is the effect of various personal and environmental factors on the level of visual perception of people, and the lack of research that deals with the effect of these factors is considered as one of the necessities of research and in this regard, the traditional bazaar of tehran was chosen as a case study and one of the historical and ancient textures of tehran. in this research, based on a combined method and with an exploratory approach, information related to the environmental and physical indicators of the spatial structure of spaces such as timchehs, seras, mosques, squares, etc., in the tehran bazaar, to investigate the components that affect people’s visual perception, such as natural landscapes and artificial lights and shadows and views and the types of colors and decorations used in them, the quality of surfaces such as floors, walls and ceilings and the proportions including the placement and geometry and the movement of people or vehicles that have been obtained received by the sense of sight and has influenced the level of visual perception of people from the environment. in the next step, to evaluate people’s visual perception, a questionnaire was prepared in the form of a checklist for the key areas of the bazaar, where each question in the questionnaire covered one component. therefore, the statistical population of the research, which included 120 people from businesses, buyers or passers-by who were willing to participate and had a high level of perceptual and cognitive performance, were asked to determine the influential components based on their perception and feeling in 5 index spaces according to differences in use and structural features and importance and their relative knowledge in the bazaar environment, then, using kolmogorov tests, spearman correlation test, kruskal-wallis and u-man-whitney tests, the data of the qualitative stage was analyzed by spss software. the results of the analysis showed that in traditional bazaars, the sense of sight creates a double relationship between the structure and spatial elements and people’s perception, and the components affecting visual perception are different in each space, and users who were unfamiliar or had limited familiarity, had the ability to better evaluate the components and were responsible for recognizing the spaces, but the number of visits of people did not have much effect on their visual perception, and factors such as the duration of the business activity, gender, and the level of education of the people participating in the research had a positive and significant effect on the visual perceptions of the people, and between the index spaces of the study in the bazaar of tehran, imam mosque had the highest amount of visual perception and amir sera has the lowest amount.