ادراک طبیعت در خانه های دوره قاجار در شهر تبریز

حضور طبیعت در فضا، ادراک و تعامل انسان با محیط را تسهیل می سازد. هدف پژوهش حاضرنیز کشف نحوه ادراک انسان از طبیعت در معماری است. نمونه مورد مطالعه، خانه های سنتی تبریز در دوره قاجار است. رویکرد پژوهش، نظرات اندیشمندان اسلامی در خصوص ادراک محیط اعم از اعتباری محیط است. در مطالعات نظری در خصوص ادراک و حضور طبیعت در خانه های سنتی، مدلی تبیین شده است، سپس مدل از طریق پیمایش با افرادی که تجربه زیستن در خانه های سنتی را داشته اند، تدقیق شده است.  تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات به روش تحلیل معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل محتوا است. یافته ها در بخش نظری آشکار کرد که انسان مطابق سطوح ادراکی خویش در مراتب حسی و وهمی مفاهیمی را اعتبار می کند که می تواند با ارتباط معرفتی با حقایق در مرتبه ادراک عقلی، به نتایجی واقع بینانه دست یابد، نهایتا با گذر داده های ادراکی از کانون قلب، انگیزش عمل فراهم می شود. سنجش این مساله در خانه های سنتی تبریز در رویکردهای هماهنگی با اکوسیستم، پیوستگی با طبیعت، تشابه با طبیعت و ارتقاء طبیعت آشکار کرد که انسان در سایه تجربه نفس بر سود و زیان مقارن با مادیت و معنای عناصر طبیعی و شبه طبیعی در مرتبه ادارک اعتباری به ادراک مطلوبی از طبیعت نائل شده است و ارتباطی تعاملی و تلفیقی با طبیعت برقرار می سازد. سپس در مواجهه با رویکردهای تکمیلی منطبق بر امور معقول و اهداف غایی، کمال ادراکی انسان در محیط رقم می خورد، ترکیب فهم و عاطفه در گذر زمان با تاثیر بر محیط به تولید و بازتولید بستر کمالی انسان می انجامد.

Perception of nature in Gajar-era houses in Tabriz

Perception of space is a complex issue. Besides, it is the way to identify the universe.Human creates the space and space affects human.  There is a reciprocal relationship between the two. A relationship that leads to the experience and interpretation of the environment and leads to the interaction of man and space. If the right interaction is formed between man and space, they will be unified. The presence of nature in space makes human’s relationship with environment easier. The necessity of this issue is because the connection with nature is an inherent need in human beings and architecture based on nature tries to bring the building into a special interaction with some of the inherent dependencies of human beings. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to explore how humankind perceives the presence of nature in architecture. The case study of the research herein is the traditional houses of the Gajar-era located in Tabriz. The methodology of the research follows the perspective of Islamic scholars on the authentic perception of the environment. In theoretical studies, a model has been given for the perception and presence of nature in traditional houses which has been corroborated in subsequent by interviewing people who have lived in the so-called houses. Analyses and discussions of the obtained data are based on structured equations and are content-based. Theoretical findings showed that mankind, in consistency with its emotional and imaginative perception and ignoring personal tendencies and motives, can establish an epistemological connection based on sensible reasoning to achieve a practical result. Finally, by instilling the perceptions into the heart, incentives for action will emerge. On the other hand, it became clear that nature is reflected in the architecture of Qajar houses based on approaches, well-coordinated relationship between the eco-system, integration with nature, similarity with nature, and improvement of nature. Assessment of the foregoing issue in traditional houses of Tabriz, through the mentioned approaches, revealed that, essence of human with experiencing advantages and disadvantages based on Material and spiritual sides of nature and semi-natural elements, in derivative perceptions level,desirably percept nature and establishes interactive and integrated connections with nature.At this stage, direct connection with nature and then similarity to nature plays an important role in the material, semantic understanding and ultimately the optimal interpretation of nature in humans. But what leads the way of human perception in space, from desire and will to thought, is to add general concepts to the approaches obtained from conventional that promote and complete nature in order to create a favorable space to meet human evolution needs and consequently the evolution of nature approaches in architecture in the structure of thought and human considerations. Finally, Presence in such an atmosphere has been able to perfect human perception, so that human understands the true meaning of nature. Therefore, in the encounter of understanding and emotion, human values and influences nature by expropriating it, and over time, it leads to the continuous production and reproduction of the the place of human evolution.