بررسی فرایند موقعیتی تولید معنا در فضاهای شهری از منظر نظریه ادراکات اعتباری

فضای شهری به عنوان یک بستر فرهنگی، فضایی شامل جنبه‌های فضایی و ذهنی است و حضور انسان و کنش ‌های وی در آن فضا، در معنابخشی آن بسیار اهمیت دارد. اهمیت تحقیق در مقوله معنا، صرف نظر از اهمیت آن به عنوان مقوله‌ای کلی در اغلب حوزه‌های معرفت بشری، از اهمیت معنای فضای شهری به عنوان مهم‌ترین جنبه‌های کیفی در مباحث انسان- محیط ناشی می‌شود. در واکاوی این فرایند، بهره‌گیری از علوم مرتبط با ساختارهای شناختی و ادراکی فرد برای تبیین فرایند تولید معنا در فضای شهری ضروری به نظر می‌رسد و امکان مطالعه فرایندهای موقعیتی دخیل در شکل گیری ادراک معنا را فراهم می ‌کند. از طرفی فرایند شناختی-موقعیتی ادراک معنا در فرهنگ اسلامی ذیل نظریه اعتباریات قابل مطالعه بوده و در سطح فلسفی گامی برای بومی‌سازی و شناخت فرایند شناختی- فرهنگی تولید مفاهیم محیطی به شمار ‌آید. این مطالعه به دنبال تببین جایگاه اعتباریات در معنای موقعیتی فضای شهری است و بدین منظور با مطالعه تطبیقی مفاهیم و فرایند ادراک معنا از منظر نظریه شناخت موقعیتی و نظریه ادراکات اعتباری علامه، از دو حوزه دانش علوم شناختی و فلسفه اسلامی بهره می‌گیرد. با بررسی عوامل تولید معنای اعتباری در فضای شهری در تطبیق با نظریه شناخت موقعیتی، فرایند موقعیتی تولید معنا در فضای شهری از منظر ادراکات اعتباری ارائه می‌شود. طبق یافته‌های پژوهش فرایند موقعیتی تولید معنا طبق نظریه اعتباریات در دو فرایند زمینه‌ساز و فرایند ارادی قابل تبیین است. فرایند زمینه‌ساز تولید معنا مبتنی بر حقایق عینی و فرایند ارادی تولید معنا مبتنی بر معانی اعتباری از محیط می‌باشد.

Investigating the Situated Process of Meaning Development in Urban Spaces from the Perspective of Conventional Perception (E’tebariat) Theory

What distinguishes mankind from other creatures is that man has been settled within a world of meaning. Urban space as a cultural context is a space that includes spatial and mental aspects and the presence of man and his actions in that space is very important in its meaning. The importance of research on the meaning of urban space arises from qualitative aspects in human-environmental issues. Patterns and models related to the perception and recognition of human meanings of the environment in Western societies may not be relevant in accordance with Islamic culture. In the analysis of this process, the use of sciences related to cognitive and perceptual structures of the individual to explain the process of meaning development in urban space seems necessary and allows the study of situated processes involved in the formation of meaning perception. On the other hand, the cognitive-situated process of meaning perception in Islamic philosophy can be studied through the theory of Conventional perception (E’tebariat) theory and the philosophical level is a step to localize and recognize the cognitive-cultural process of developing environmental meanings. This study seeks to explain the position of Conventional perception theory in the situated meaning of urban space and for this purpose, by comparative study of meaning perception process from the perspective of situated cognition theory and Conventional perception theory of Allameh, uses two fields of cognitive science and Islamic philosophy. By examining the factors of Conventional (E’tebari) meanings development in urban spaces in accordance with the theory of situated cognition, the situated process of meaning development in urban space is presented from the perspective of Conventional perception theory. According to the research findings, the situated process of meaning development can be explained according to Conventional perception theory in two processes: contextual and voluntary processes. In the contextual process of meaning development, real perceptions under the influence of one’s theoretical science lead to the development of real meanings of urban space. This process is in accordance with reality (objective facts) and is therefore a process with a fixed structure. The process underlies the development of the urban space meaning in Conventional perception theory based on objective facts in urban space. In this process, every urban space is a bed of artificial and natural physical affordances that can be perceived and identified by the physical and objective factors in it. In the voluntary process of meaning development, unrealistic perceptions under the influence of one’s practical intellect lead to the development of Conventional meanings from the environment. Conventional meanings are defined based on real meanings and in line with the will of the individual have individual and collective actions as the real effects of Conventional meanings. Individual Conventional meanings are universal and social Conventional meanings are specific and variable meanings that depend on time and place situations. The voluntary process of meaning development in Conventional perception theory is based on the Conventional meanings of the environment. In the voluntary process of meaning development, unrealistic perceptions under the influence of one’s practical intellect lead to the development of Conventional meanings of urban space. Conventional meanings are defined based on real meanings that have individual and collective actions as the real effects. Individual Conventional meanings are universal, and social Conventional meanings are specific and variable, which depend on time and place situations and are always redeveloped by changing Conventional meanings. In this process, each urban space is a bed of cognitive-social affordances that can be perceived and identified by the Conventional characteristics attributed to it, and culture is the main background for the formation of these affordances. Considering that the field of Islamic urbanism is a nascent branch of urbanism, in order to theorize, explain and strengthen the scientific position of this field at the philosophical level and studying issues related to man and the environment from the perspective of Islamic thought. Tabatabai’s Conventional perception theory is a step towards localization of Western theories.