بررسی تطبیقی ارتباط میان حکمت و چیدمان فضایی در معماری مساجد سنتی و معاصر با بهره گیری از نرم افزار «نحو فضا» (نمونه موردی: مساجد خراسان رضوی)

بنای مسجد نمودی برجسته و آشکار از هنر در ساحتی معنوی و مقدس است، که باید زمینه‌ی عروج آدمی را از نازل‌ترین تا عالی‌ترین مرتبه‌ی هستی فراهم نماید. معماری مسجد به عنوان محملِ چنین وصولی، چنانچه بخواهد با این معراج و رُجعت هماهنگ باشد باید، از منازل وسلسله مراتبی متناظر با آنچه بر جهان هستی حاکم است، برخوردار گردد. به اعتقاد بسیاری ازمحققان این ویژگی برآمده از حکمتِ معماری ایرانی اسلامی می باشد، از این رو نوشتارحاضر با هدف بررسی و شناخت چیدمان فضایی در مساجد سنتی و معاصر، به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش است که؛ چه ارتباطی میان ارزش های ساختاری و فرمی حاصل از چیدمان فضایی و ارزش ها و مفاهیم حکمت ایرانی اسلامی در معماری مساجد سنتی و معاصر وجود دارد؟ بدین منظور روش انجام این پژوهش ترکیبی می باشد در بخش اول به صورت توصیفی تحلیلی با بهره گیری از مطالعات کتابخانه ای، مشاهده و برداشت میدانی، مطالب و نقشه های مساجد، بدست خواهد آمد و در بخش دوم، به صورت استدلالی و تفسیری، مقایسه تطبیقی مساجد سنتی و معاصر نمونه موردی خراسان رضوی بوسیله نرم افزار تخصصی نحو فضا (ucl depth map)، به انجام خواهد رسید. نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر این امر است که، «نحو فضا» در بررسی ارتباط حکمت و چیدمان فضایی در معماری مساجد ایرانی، شیوه ای کارآمد بوده و حکمت ایرانی– اسلامی در جای گیری تک تک فضاهای مساجد و تعیین ارتباط هر فضا با فضاهای دیگر تاثیر مستقیم داشته و این نقش تعیین کننده در مساجد سنتی بسیار مشهودتر از مساجد معاصر است.

A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Wisdom and Spatial Arrangement in the Architecture of Traditional and Contemporary Mosques Using Ucl Depth Map Software (Case Study: Khorasan Razavi Mosques)

The structure of the mosque is a prominent and explicit manifestation of art in the spiritual and sacred realm, which should provide the ground for the transcendence of humans from the lowest to the highest level of existence. The architecture of the mosque, as the bearer of such a collection, if it wants to be in harmony with this ascension and return, must have houses and a hierarchy corresponding to what rules the universe. Many scholars believe that this feature is derived from the wisdom of Iranian Islamic architecture, so the present article seeks to answer the question that; what is the connection between the values and concepts of Iranian Islamic wisdom and the spatial arrangement in the architecture of traditional and contemporary mosques?For this purpose, the method of this research is a combination. In the first step, through qualitative research method and descriptive analytical, first by collecting information through library and documentary studies, the characteristics of the Iranian mosque and the manifested principles of wisdom in Iranian architecture are identified and finally with an analytical approach, the index The manifestations of these principles have been laid down in Iranian architecture.In the second part of the research, which is based on the method of quantitative research, after conducting field observations and preparing a case map of the sample, first by examining the plans of mosques with the help of specialized software Space Syntax (Ucl depth map), to analyze Spatial layout indicators and their relationship with the principles of Iranian Islamic wisdom and at the end, using reasoning and interpretation, spatial layout in the architecture of traditional and contemporary mosques, a case study of Khorasan Razavi was evaluated and finally the results were presented.Since the main essence of architecture is space, in the contemporary period, various methods have been used to analyze the architectural space, including formal, historical and climatic methods. One of the methods that was born to understand the invisible structures and systems behind the architectural forms and phenomena is the Space Syntax method, which was based on the studies of Christopher Alexander and Philip Stedman.This method has a thematic and conceptual similarity to the way words are classified in the literature. As in linguistics, the grammar rules of law and logic show how words are arranged side by side to express a specific meaning, Hillier argues, using the method of spatial arrangement, the logic of putting spaces together in Discovered together or spatial arrangements resulting from social relations. According to this view, the meaning of environment is derived from its spatial organizational structure and the spatial structure of an environment has an important role in promoting some social behaviors compared to other behaviors due to the products of society and proven roles. The results of this study indicate that space syntax is an effective method in studying the relationship between wisdom and spatial arrangement in the architecture of Iranian mosques and the principles of Iranian Islamic wisdom (unity in plurality, the journey from the outside to the inside) in a single place. Single spaces of mosques and determining the relationship of each space with other spaces have a direct impact and this decisive role is much more evident in traditional mosques than contemporary mosques.