ارزیابی تاثیر نور روز بر ایجاد اتمسفر معماری مسجد (نمونه موردی مساجد مجموعه آرامگاهی شیخ جام)

معماری ایرانی مملوء از روحی است که به کالبد بنا حیات بخشیده و آنرا یگانه و خاطره‌انگیز نموده‌است. این کیفیت فراگیر که به حفظ مخاطب در بنا و غنا و سرزندگی بنا منجرمی‌شود بتازگی تحت عنوان اتمسفر معماری در بین محققین مورد استقبال قرارگرفته‌است.نور بعنوان مهمترین ابزار در معماری مساجد بسیار کارامد بوده و با ماهیت چند جانبه‌اش ساختار مادی و معنایی بنا را تحت‌تاثیر‌ قرارمی‌دهد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بازشناسی اتمسفر معماری و ارزیابی تاثیر نور بر مولفه های آن در تعدادی از مساجد بدنبال پاسخ به این پرسش است که نور روز بعنوان ابزار طراحی، در ترکیب دیگر مولفه‌های اتمسفری بنا چگونه و به چه میزان می‌تواند فضای مساجد را تحت‌ تاثیرقراردهد. این تحقیق کاربردی، بر مبنای پژوهش فلسفی تفسیری به روش توصیفی تحلیلی و براساس اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای و  میدانی با رویکرد ترکیبی کمی کیفی انجام‌شده‌است. پس از مطالعه منابع در خصوص اتمسفر معماری و نور، تاثیراتی که می‌توانند بر هم بگذارند بررسی‌شد. بمنظور کنترل نتایج سه مسجد مشابه با یک زمینه فرهنگی از مجموعه آرامگاهی شیخ جام مورد تحلیل میدانی قرار گرفتند. پس از نورسنجی و تصویربرداری و برداشتهای میدانی، پرسش‌نامهبراساس فرمول کوکران طبق ‌طیف ‌لیکرت تنظیم، داده‌ها در نرم‌افزارspss 22، سپس با آزمونهای همبستگی اسپرمن، تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه، آزمون کولموگروف اسمیرنوف و تحلیل عاملی مورد بررسی قرارگرفت .نتایج نشان‌می‌دهند شاخصه فیزیکینور با ضریب همبستگی 0.843موثر بر کیفیتهای ثابت  و شاخصه معنایی آن بر کیفیت متغیر اتمسفر فضا با  همبستگی 0.786 تاثیرمی‌گذارد. همچنین این تاثیر دوطرفه بوده و اتمسفر فضا نیز بر ادراک نور موثراست. 

Evaluating the Effect of Daylight on Creating the Spiritual Atmosphere of Mosques (Case Study of Mosques in Sheikh Jam tomb Complex)

 In addition to the body, architects creates an architectural space with nonvisible but powerful factors. By incorporating soul through the different atmospheres, an all encompassing and unforgettable quality is added to them, which is received multisensory and immediately without intermediaries. As a result, users had a pleasant feeling by being in the space and accordingly Increase the desire to stay in space. Daylight has a multifaceted nature, especially in Islamic architecture, on the material and semantic structure of space. It is in spite of light that architecture becomes alive and vital, takes on meaning and character. Regarding the atmosphere of light, it is very important to master and recognize it, because light is so effective and strong element in their continuous formation. This research is applied and has been done on the description of philosophical interpretive research in a method analytical way and field and library space with a combination of qualitative quantity .After studying the sources on the architectural atmosphere and lighting, the effects that they can have on each other were evaluated. In order to control the results, three mosques from sheikhe jam’s tomb with similar contextual were analyzed. After light measurement and field survey, a questionnaire based on Cochran’s formula according to the Likert scale, the data were analyzed in SPSS 22 software, then by Spearman correlation tests, multiple regression analysis, Kolmogorov Smirnov test and factor analysis. According to the research results, it can be said that daylight, by combining darkness, offers various interpretations and methods for incorporating different powerful atmospheres. Light with its two physical and semantic characteristics affect the fixed and variable qualities of the atmosphere of space. The physical characteristic of light, which is mostly related to visual and sensory perception, with a higher correlation coefficient of 0.843, which is a good relationship and the semantic and conceptual characteristic of light affects the quality of the atmosphere with a correlation coefficient of 0.786. How to use the invaluable daylight can lead to conflicting results such as solitude or community, vitality or numbness, excitement or depression, lightness or concentration of space, elevation or confusion, purity and mysticism or luxury and disorder, and finally Beauty and presence lead. Due to the low light, Kermaniha Mosque has an atmosphere of calm, solitude, concentration, purity and mysticism. But the NOE mosque with more light, induces the atmosphere of movement, community, lightness and spatial transparency, and this is mostly due to the effect of light and how to use it. The atmosphere of architecture also affects the perception of physical and semantic light. Of course, the quality and atmospheric power of architecture, in addition to the effect of architecture and the power of the architect in recreating and creating such a feature, also depends on the characteristics and perceptual conditions of the audience. The impact of audience factor due to the ineffectual of the Architectural process is ignored in this research. It can be examined in future research.