نگاهی نو به کارکرد خیابان: ارائه مدل مفهومی از رویکرد خیابان مجهز برای همگان (نمونه های موردی: مقایسه خیابان امام خمینی و خیابان فروغی شهر تبریز)

ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺑﺰرگ و اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ در دوران ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎی ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی روﺑﺮو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺣﺎل ﺳﺆال ﻣﻬﻢ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ر ا ﻃﻮری ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﺑﺮآورده ﮐﻨﺪ و در ﻋﯿ ﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت آﺗﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰان و ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﺷﻬﺮی در ﺟﻬﺎن در ﻓﮑﺮ اﯾﺠﺎد اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋیﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪن ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧ ﯿﺎﺑﺎنﻫﺎی ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺎر ﻫﺎ و ﺳﻬﺎم داران ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. رو ﯾﮑﺮد ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻣﺠﻬﺰ در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺷﻬﺮی در ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن در ﺣﻮزه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺘﻮن و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺣﻮزه ﺗﺨﺼﺼ ﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزی ﺻﺤﺒﺘﯽ از آن ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر اﯾﻦ رو ﯾﮑﺮد در ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ از ﺧﯿ ﺎﺑﺎن ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺨﺸﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﯾﻦ رو ﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻮﯾﻦ دو ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ )ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ،ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻓﺮوﻏﯽ( از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺮای ﻫﻤﮕﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾ ﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و داده ﻫﺎی ﻣﯽداﻧﯽ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﮐﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 384 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗ ﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ دو ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻤﺮهﮔﺬاری ﮔﻮﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻃﯿﻒ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ، ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ رو ﯾﮑﺮد ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺮای ﻫﻤﮕﺎن ﻧﻤﻮد ﻗﻮیﺗﺮی در ﺧﯿﺎﺑ ﺎن اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨ ﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻓﺮوﻏﯽ دارد و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﻓﺮوﻏﯽ در دو ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﺳﺎزی ﺷﺨﺼ ﯽ، وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺗﺠﺎری دارای اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﯿ ﺎﺑﺎن ﻫﺎی ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑ ﺎﯾﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﮑﺎن ر ا در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ اﺑﻌﺎد از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻗﻮی ﻧﻤﻮد.

a new look at the function of the street: providing a conceptual model of high streets for all approach (case study: comparing imam khomeini street and foroughi street in tabriz)

the high and main streets of the city are the heart of cities nowadays. today, these vital arteries are facing new social, environmental and economic challenges and must deal with the uncertainty of the city. now the important question is how to design and plan the main streets of the city in such a way that it meets the different expectations of society and at the same time, it can be compatible with future developments. many planners and urban designers in the world are thinking of creating strategies to restore the role of high streets to their original position as a place to serve visitors, businesses and stakeholders that all people can use. the high streets for all approach is a popular approach in urban studies in recent years. nevertheless, so far, it has not been mentioned in the research field of persian texts and sources in the specialized field of urban planning. although this approach is successful in global experiences. the purpose of this research is to look at the function of the street by presenting a conceptual model of the high streets. in addition, to validate and better introduce this new approach, two critical streets of tabriz city (imam khomeini street and foroughi street) have been compared from the perspective of this approach. the general approach of this research is descriptive-analytical. collecting information and field data through a questionnaire and the sample size based on cochran's formula is 384 people. the research findings show that the essential components of the high street for all approach are more vital in imam khomeini street than in foroughi street, and only foroughi street has a higher priority in the two indicators of personal branding, presence of famous commercial brands. to create a high street for all streets, it should be a strength at the comprehensive level of spaces in all dimensions, including the relationship between humans and the environment.