the effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation in comparison with other techniques on removing calcium hydroxide from root canals: a systematic review

Background and aim: residues may remain in canal extensions and irregularities after removing the medication from root canals with a file. these residues can only have removed with irrigation. the present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of various irrigation methods on eliminating calcium hydroxide from root canals. material and methods: a preliminary analysis included 225 articles. two reviewers investigated all the available abstracts and titles and determined whether they were associated with the cleaning effectiveness of a variety of irrigation systems in removing calcium hydroxide. the conducted search involved the years between 2013-18. results: the studies investigated lacked standardization concerning the irrigation method used or the measurement of outcomes; for instance, the volume or the concentration of the irrigation solution. conclusion: although none of the methods examined could eliminate the calcium hydroxide dressing, activation methods resulted in better calcium hydroxide dressing removal compared to using a master apical file or syringe irrigation only.