ارزیابی میزان رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‎های امید بخش گلرنگ پاییزه(carthamus tinctorius l.) تحت تنش کمبود آب طی دوره زایشی

پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی ویژگی‎های زراعی ژنوتیپ‎های گلرنگ متحمل به کم‎آبی برای کشت در اراضی شور و کم‎بازده اجرا گردید. آزمایش در قالب کرت‎های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در اراضی شور ایستگاه خسروشاه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی طی سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی شامل دو سطح آبیاری (بدون تنش و تنش از گلدهی تا رسیدگی دانه) و فاکتور فرعی شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ پاییزه بودند. نتایج نشان داد در شرایط بدون تنش، ژنوتیپ پدیده بیشترین و kh 92 کمترین عملکرد دانه و روغن را داشتند و تحت تنش کم‌آبی، ژنوتیپ پدیده بیشترین و kh 132 کمترین عملکرد دانه و روغن را نشان دادند. بیش‎ترین و کم‎ترین درصد روغن در آبیاری کامل به ترتیب مربوط به ژنوتیپ پدیده (29/43 درصد) و ژنوتیپ kh 92 (22/76 درصد) و در تیمار تنش کم‎آبی مربوط به ژنوتیپ پدیده (24/3 درصد) و ژنوتیپ kh 92 (16/8درصد) بود. براساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه کلاستر در شرایط عدم‌تنش و تنش، در گروه اول (پدیده و kh 132) به‎علت داشتن عملکرد دانه و روغن بالا و نیز ژنوتیپ‎های گروه دوم (قزاقی،kh 92  وkh 97) به‎دلیل این‎که از نظر صفاتی نظیر عملکرد دانه و روغن دارای بیش‎ترین درصد انحراف نسبت به میانگین کل بودند، نسبت به تنش کم‎آبی مقاوم شناخته شدند. هم‎چنین ژنوتیپ‎های گروه سوم (قزاقی، kh 68 وkh 132 ) به‎دلیل عملکرد دانه و روغن پایین‎تر و نیز درصد انحراف کمتری نسبت به ژنوتیپ‎های گروه دو، در گروه‎های حساس به تنش کم‎آبی قرار گرفتند.

evaluation of the growth rate, yield, and yield components of promising autumn safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) genotypes under water deficit stress during the reproductive period

introduction: carthamus tinctorius l., is a member of the family asteraceae, cultivated mainly for its seed, which is used as edible oil and as birdseed. this plant originated in the middle east, due to the deep and extensive root system known for salt as well as drought tolerance. climate changes and water availability have an important impact in agriculture, food disposal and consequently in human health. we evaluated the agronomic characteristics and drought-tolerant genotypes of safflower for cultivation in saline and low-yielding environments.materials and methods: this experiment was conducted in the saline lands of khosrowshahr station of east azarbaijan agricultural and natural resources research and education center during the crop year 2018-2019 using split plots with randomized complete blocks design. the main factor was drought stress with non-stress (control) and stress from flowering to seed maturity and 6 autumn safflower genotypes as secondary factor.results and discussion: the results showed that the water deficit stress in the studied stages caused a significant decrease in the number of seeds per petal, the number of petals per plant, and the weight of 1,000 seeds. it was also found that the interaction effect of water stress and genotype on seed yield, oil content, oil yield, chlorophyll index and leaf temperature was significant. according to the results, under without water deficit stress the highest and the lowest seed yield respectively belonged to the padideh genotype (3476.7 kg ha-1) and the kh 92 genotype (1733.1 kg ha-1) and under water deficit stress to to the padideh genotype (2162.6 kg ha-1) and the kh 132 genotype (955.3 kg ha-1) was related. the highest and lowest content of oil in the full irrigation treatment corresponded to the padideh genotype (29.43 %) and kh 92 genotype (22.76 %) and under water stress conditions related to the padideh genotype (24.3 %) and genotype kh was 92 (16.8 %). the highest oil yield under normal irrigation related to the padideh genotype (524.23 kg ha-1) and the lowest in the kh 132 genotype (207.22 kg ha-1) was obtained. the leaf temperature of the genotypes in non-stress conditions was significantly lower compared to stress conditions. based on the results of cluster analysis under normal and stress conditions, in the first group (padideh and kh 132) due to high seed and oil yield, and also the genotypes of the second group (kazakhi, kh 92 and kh 97) due to this which in terms of traits such as seed and oil yield had the highest deviation percentage compared to the total average, were known to be resistant to water deficit stress. also, the genotypes of the third group (kazakhi, kh 68 and kh 132) due to the fact that they had lower seed and oil yield and also had a lower deviation percentage than the genotypes of the second group, were in the groups they were sensitive to water stress.conclusion: accordingly, it can be understood that the variations among genotypes in terms of oil content, and oil yield and seed yield are important components that could be used to select appropriate genotypes with drought conditions. padideh genotype had the highest seed yield and oil yield in both favorable and stressful conditions.