شناسایی نشانگرهایremap مرتبط با صفات مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی در آفتابگردان دانه روغنی (helianthus annuus l.) تحت شرایط آبیاری معمول و کم آبیاری

تغییرات اقلیمی، کاهش سطح آب دریافتی از بارندگی ها و مدیریت های نادرست مصرف آب، تولید محصولات زراعی را با تنش خشکی طی دوره رشد مواجه می کند که سبب نوسان و کاهش محصول می گردد. در این بین آفتابگردان دانه روغنی، با تحمل نسبی به تنش خشکی و همچنین کیفیت بالای روغن تولیدی بیشتر مورد توجه است. در این بررسی، 100 ژنوتیپ آفتابگردان دانه روغنی در قالب طرح لاتیس ساده 10×10 با دو تکرار تحت دو شرایط آبیاری معمول و کم آبیاری طی دو سال متوالی (سال های 1392 و 1393) در مزرعه ای در روستای قزلجه از توابع شهرستان سلماس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. از نشانگرهای remap جهت شناسایی نشانگرهای مرتبط با صفات مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی در آفتابگردان دانه روغنی استفاده شد. بر اساس مدل خطی مخلوط در مجموع تحت هر دو شرایط آبیاری معمول و کم آبیاری 20 نشانگر مولکولی با صفات مورد بررسی ارتباط معنی دار نشان دادند. نشانگر &6181810& با صفت روغن و نشانگر &cf8267& با دو صفت طول و عرض برگ تحت شرایط تنش محدودیت آبیاری و نشانگر &658268& با صفات عملکرد دانه و عرض برگ تحت هر دو شرایط آبیاری معمول و کم آبیاری ارتباط معنی دار در سطح احتمال یک درصد نشان دادند. مشاهده ارتباط بین یک نشانگر با چند صفت می تواند نشات گرفته از اثرات پلیوتروپی و یا پیوستگی نواحی ژنومی دخیل در کنترل این صفات باشد. در این بین شناسایی نشانگرهایی مانند نشانگرهای 6181810 و cf8267 که با چند صفت و در هر دو شرایط (آبیاری معمول و کم آبیاری) ارتباط معنی دار نشان دادند، به دلیل امکان پذیر نمودن بهبود همزمان چند صفت از اهمیت بیشتری در برنامه های به نژادی برخوردار هستند.

identification of reamp markers related to morpho-phisiological and agronomic traits in oilseed sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) under normal and limited irrigation conditions

introduction: sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) is one of the most valuable agricultural products, mainly cultivated for edible oil. as an oilseed plant, the sunflower has the fifth place in the world after soybeans, rapeseed, cotton and peanut. due to climatic changes, reduction of water received from rains and incorrect management of water consumption, the crop production experienced severe drought stress during the growth period which causes the fluctuation and decrease of the product. considering the importance of studying and selecting cultivars tolerant to abiotic stresses such as drought stress, investigating the genetic diversity for adaptive responses in sunflower cultivars and genotypes, as well as identifying qtls are necessary for breeding programs.  the aim of this study is to investigate genetic diversity and identify markers related to drought tolerance in the inbred lines population of oilseed sunflower using the reamp (retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism) markers.materials and methods: in the present research, the genetic diversity of an oilseed sunflower population including 100 inbred lines was evaluated in terms of morpho-physiological traits using a 10x10 simple lattice design with two replications under two normal and limited irrigation conditions during two consecutive years. different morpho-physiological traits were measured under both conditions. dna extraction was done from 78 lines out of 100 investigated genotypes by ctab method. then, in order to evaluate the quality and quantity of extracted dna, 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry were used. the molecular profile of genotypes was prepared using 7 reamp primers combinations. based on molecular data and neighbor joining algorithm in darwin 6.0.21 software the studied genotypes were grouped in three groups. cluster and population structure analyses as well as analysis of molecular variance were performed with genalex and structure 2.3.3. the number of possible sub-populations (optimal k) was determined based on the delta k (δk) method. for optimal k, the qst matrix was calculated. using mixed linear model (mlm) related to q + k matrices (matrix of population structure coefficients + matrix of kinship relations) molecular markers associated with studied morpho-physiological traits were identified.results and discussion: based on the results of cluster analysis, the genotypes were grouped into 3 groups. each group included genotypes from different geographical areas. the results of principal component analysis showed that the first three components explain 71.32% of the total changes. principal coordinate analysis was not able to completely separate the genotypes into separate groups. molecular analysis of variance showed that 91% of the variation are within group and the rest 9% are between the groups, which indicates high genetic diversity within the groups. according to the mixed linear model, totally 20 molecular markers showed a significant relationship (p≤0.01) with the studied morpho-physiological traits under both normal and limited irrigation conditions. “6181810” marker with oil content and &cf8267& marker with two leaf length and leaf width traits showed a significant relationship (p≤0.01) under limited irrigation conditions. “658268” marker showed a significant relationship with yield and leaf width traits under both normal and limited irrigation conditions. observing the relationship between one marker and several traits can be derived from the effects of pleiotropy or the linkage of genomic regions involved in the control of these traits.conclusion: the results obtained from this study present valuable information on the genetic basis of studied traits that can be used for breeding and developing high performance varieties in sunflower. in this research some common markers were identified. identification of markers that showed linkage with several traits in both conditions, such as “658268” and “cf8267” markers, are more important in the breeding program due to the possibility of simultaneous breeding of several traits