ارزیابی کارایی انرژی و بهره‌وری بوم‎شناختی بوم‎نظام‌های زراعی گندم ‌‌آبی و سیب‌زمینی در شهرستان بروجرد، استان لرستان

هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی، مقایسه سیر انرژی، مدیریت منابع بویژه آب و افزایش کارایی زراعی گندم ‌‌آبی و سیب‌زمینی می‌باشد. این مطالعه در سال زراعی 1397 در شهرستان بروجرد در استان لرستان انجام شد. تعداد نمونه‌ها با فرمول کوکران تعیین شد و بر این اساس 130 و 60 مزرعه به ترتیب برای کشت گندم ‌‌آبی و سیب‌زمینی انتخاب شد. داده‌ها در این تحقیق از طریق پرسش‎نامه جمع‌آوری شدند. مقدار کل انرژی ورودی در سیب‌زمینی 92645/73 و در گندم ‌آبی 45215/33 مگاژول در هکتار بود. نظام زراعی سیب‌زمینی، از نظر شاخص‌های الکتریسیته، سوخت فسیلی، کود‌های شیمیایی و آب مورد نیاز، بیشترین مقدار انرژی مصرفی را به خود اختصاص داد. سهم مصرف انرژی‌های تجدید ناپذیر و غیر مستقیم از کل انرژی‌های ورودی در هر دو بوم‎نظام زراعی بالا بود، بویژه کشت سیب‌زمینی وابستگی بیشتری به این انرژی‌های ورودی نشان داد و این می‌تواند بیانگر ناپایداری بوم‎نظام زراعی سیب‌زمینی نسبت به گندم ‌آبی باشد. مقدار شاخص انرژی‌ خالص در نظام زراعی سیب‌زمینی 92682/27 کیلوگرم در مگاژول بیشتر از گندم ‌‌آبی 64865/24 کیلوگرم در مگاژول است که این به پتانسیل بوم‌شناختی تولید این گیاه مربوط می‌باشد. با توجه به ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ مصرف ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ بیشتر گندم ‌آبی 2/43 ﺩﺭ مقایسه با کشت سیب‌زمینی 2 که نشان دهنده کارآمدی بیشتر نظام زراعی گندم ‌آبی در تبدیل انرژی‌های ورودی به انرژی موجود در عملکرد است و می‌توان کشت گندم ‌آبی در منطقه بروجرد را که از پایداری بیشتری برخوردار است، به کشاورزان منطقه توصیه نمود.

evaluation of energy efficiency and ecological productivity of wheat and potato agroecosystem ecosystems in borujerd city, lorestan province

introduction: this study was carried out to assess and compare to energy, management of resources, especially water and increase the efficiency of irrigated wheat and potato.with the increase in population and the limitations of production resources in the future, it will be difficult to access energy sources in sufficient quantity. efficient use of agricultural energy is one of the important factors in achieving sustainable agriculture. sustainability is one of the main components of agricultural production that leads to food security and utilization of production resources for present and future generations. the efficiency and stability of crop systems vary according to the type of input energy management.the study was conducted to evaluate and compares the course of energy, the productivity of resources, especially water, and increases in the efficiency of irrigated wheat and potato agroecosystems.                                                  materials and methods: at present, in most conventionally managed crop ecosystems, the share of indirect, non-renewable and commercial energy was higher than direct, renewable and non-commercial energy...this research was conducted in the crop years of 2017 in borujerd city, lorestan province, in the geographical location of 34° 1′ n latitude and 48° 4′ e longitude. the data used in this study are collected by questionnaire. the number of samples was determined by cochran formula. accordingly, 130 irrigated wheat farms and 60 potato farms were selecte by stratified random sampling method. in order to calculate the energy equivalent of inputs and outputs in the two canvases of irrigated wheat and potato crop system, first the most important inputs and outputs and their energy equivalent in the two canvases of the system were determined. then, the equivalent of each input energy as well as output was calculated by multiplying its raw value by the corresponding energy conversion factor, the input energy input and the water flow rate in the two potato and irrigated wheat cropping systems.results and discussion: the total amount of input energy were in potato (92645.73 mj ha-1) and in irrigated wheat (45215.33 mj ha-1). in terms of electricity, fossil fuel, chemical fertilizers and irrigation water, the potato agroecosystem had the highest amount of energy consumption. the consumption of non-renewable and indirect energy from the total input energy was high in both agroecosystems, especially potato cultivation showed more dependence on these input energies. this can indicated the instability of the potato agoecosystem compared to irrigated wheat. the amount of net energy index in the potato cropping system is higher than that of irrigated wheat, and indicates lower energy loss in potato cultivation. but because of the higher energy consumption efficiency in irrigated wheat compared to potato cultivation, this indicates the greater than of efficiency of the irrigated wheat farming system in converting input energy into available energy for yield.conclusion: production systems should not be used for more than of their capacity in order to generate high revenue. as energy input increases, energy efficiency decreases proper and efficient use of available resources increases the sustainability of production therefore, conventional potato production is not sustainable in terms of energy consumption, because a very high percentage of consumption inputs in the potato production are non-renewable energies.. the consumption of non-renewable and indirect energy from the total input energy was high in both agroecosystems. the amount of net energy index in the potato cropping system is higher than that of irrigated wheat, and indicates lower energy loss in potato cultivation. this can indicated the instability of the potato therefore it is suggested the cultivation of irrigated wheat, which was more stable, to the farmers of the region.therefore, autumn irrigated wheat cultivation is more practical than spring and summer potato cultivation, which has a high water requirement and higher cost.