بررسی آب مجازی و شاخص بهره وری آب کشاورزی در محصولات زراعی دشت پلدشت

رشد جمعیت و توسعه اقتصادی، هدررفت آب و کاهش بارندگی منجر به افزایش تقاضای آب می‌شود که همین امر، لزوم برنامه‌ریزی مدون در سطح کلان و سیاست گذاری صحیح و بهینه در حوزه مدیریت منابع را ضروری ساخته است. کشورمان در اقلیم خشک و نیمه خشک قرار داشته و با کاهش نزولات جوی و رشد روز افزون مصرف آب در حوزه های مختلف، در سال های آتی با خطر بروز بحران آب مواجه است. برای کاهش بحران آب، تجارت بین‌المللی محصولات کشاورزی می‌تواند نقش به‌سزایی در توزیع مجدد منابع آب داشته باشد؛ زیرا کالاهای مورد معامله حاوی مقدار زیادی آب مجازی هستند. محدوده مطالعاتی این پژوهش، دشت پلدشت در شمال غرب ایران است. این محدوده در شرق منطقه مطالعاتی پلدشت و در شمال منطقه مطالعاتی قره ضیاءالدین واقع شده است. بازه زمانی پژوهش از سال 1390 لغایت 1400 است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی وضعیت آماری سطح زیر کشت، عملکرد تولید و ارزیابی بهره‎وری و آب مجازی محصولات زراعی در دشت پلدشت است. در گام نخست وضعیت کشت کلیه محصولات زراعی در استان آذربایجان غربی و شاخص‌های مختلف بهره‎وری و آب مجازی محصولات دشت پلدشت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. هم‌چنین متناسب با اهداف پژوهش از شاخص‎های فیزیکی و مالی بهره‎وری آب شامل شاخص عملکرد به ازای واحد حجم آب (cdp)، درآمد به ازای واحد حجم آب (bpd)، و بازده خالص به ازای واحد حجم آب (nbpd) جهت برنامه محاسبه بهره‌وری آب استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که محصول هندوانه دارای کم‌ترین سطح برداشت با 5789 هکتار و بیش‌ترین سطح برداشت مربوط به گندم با 73361 هکتار بوده است. در زمینة میزان برداشت نیز محصول هندوانه دارای بیش‌ترین میزان تولید با 237951 تن و کم‌ترین میزان تولید 136002 تن بوده است. هم‌چنین، نتایج بهره‎وری نشان می‌دهد که محصولات گندم، جو، یونجه و هندوانه به‌ترتیب دارای بهره‎وری 2/23، 3/25، 1/86 و 14/89 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب است. لذا محصول هندوانه دارای بیش‌ترین بهره‎وری و محصول یونجه دارای کم‌ترین بهره‎وری بوده است.

investigating virtual water and agricultural water productivity index in crops of poldasht plain

introductionthe increase in demand for water resources due to population growth and economic development along with water wastage and a decrease in rainfall, on the other hand, has made it significant to pay attention to water demand and make sound policies. our country is facing the risk of a water crisis in the coming years, mainly due to its location in a dry and semiarid climate, as well as the everincreasing growth of water consumption. to alleviate the water crisis, international trade in agricultural products can play a significant role in redistributing water resources because traded goods contain a large amount of virtual water. water restriction in iran is an undeniable fact, for this purpose, trading based on virtual water can be a solution to reduce the effects of water restriction. due to being located in a dry and semiarid climate, iran is facing the risk of a water crisis in the coming years. therefore, in order to deal with it, it is necessary to be more sensitive to the types of water consumption. among these uses is virtual water. the water used in the production process of goods is called virtual water, a part of which is kept in the product. virtual water trade occurs when goods are imported into global markets. virtual water trading is expected to reduce water consumption at the national and international levels due to more efficient and specialized use of water. today, the concept of virtual water is one of the most critical issues in water resources management. today, the problem of water shortage has become a serious concern due to climate changes and uneven distribution of rainfall in most regions and countries, including iran, and is considered the most important obstacle to the economic development of these countries. trade as a tool to prevent the unnecessary withdrawal of water resources, focusing on the strategy of virtual water trade, can play an essential role in achieving the economic development of countries. materials and methods the study area of the research is the shiblopoldasht plain in the northwest of iran. this area is located in the east of the poldasht study area and in the north of the qara ziauddin study area. the aim of this research was to investigate the statistical status of the cultivated area, the production performance, and the evaluation of the productivity and virtual water of agricultural crops in the poldasht plain. the time frame of the research is from 2011 to 2021 in an 11years period. accurate calculation and determination of water requirement (m3 ha1). the amount of water required by a plant for its proper growth, taking into account the loss of evaporation and transpiration of the plant, is called the water requirement of the plant. therefore, the water requirement of the plant depends on the amount of evaporation and transpiration of the plant. it is worth noting that due to different climates and weather conditions, plant growth conditions and as a result, the amount of water needed by plants are also different. in the present research, the various productivity indicators and virtual water of the crops of dashtpoldasht have been examined. moreover, according to the objectives of the research, the physical and financial indicators of water productivity, including the performance index per unit of water volume (cdp), income per unit of water volume (bpd), and net return per unit of water volume (nbpd) have been calculated. results and discussion in this research, the amount of virtual water and the productivity index as well as the net and gross economic value of the major crops grown in poldasht city in west azarbaijan province were investigated. in this regard, first, data and information related to crops were collected through relevant organizations and institutions, and netwat, cropwat, and climwat programs and excel programs were used to draw graphs and graphical results.