مطالعه تطبیقی و انتقادی حق بر فراموش شدن در پرتو اسناد بین‌المللی و حقوق ایران

سهولت دسترسی به منابع اطلاعاتی در فضای مجازی و امکان بارگذاری اطلاعات توسط کاربران، باعث شده تا داده‌های بسیاری راجع به زندگی و سابقه افراد در دسترس عموم قرار گیرد. انتشار سریع اطلاعات و ماندگاری آنها در تارنماها و شبکه-های مختلف، سبب شده است تا کاربران با استفاده از داده‌های سابق و فعلی، افراد را قضاوت کنند. داده‌های سابق اگر مربوط به اموری از قبیل انجام جرم، ورشکستگی و یا رفتار نابهنجار فرد در گذشته باشد، امکان تغییر و بازیابی اجتماعی را برای او دشوار خواهد کرد. از همین‌رو در سال‌های اخیر، لزوم جعل حقی به عنوان «حق بر فراموش شدن»، مورد تاکید برخی کشورها، به‌ویژه کشورهای اروپایی قرار گرفته است. حق گفته شده هرچند توجه بسیاری از حقوق‌دانان را جلب کرده؛ اما برخی دیگر محتاطانه به بررسی آن پرداخته و بعضاً انتقاداتی را عنوان کرده‌اند.با بررسی دلایل موافقان و مخالفان می‌توان به این نتیجه رسید که اعمال این حق با حقوق بنیادین دیگری از جمله «آزادی بیان» و «دسترسی آزاد به اطلاعات» در تعارض است و از همین‌رو باید اصل را بر عدم امکان حذف داده‌ها گذاشت. البته عمومیت این اصل در مورد حق کودکان بر حذف داده‌های شخصی تخصیص می‌یابد.

a review of principles governing the budgeting system in iran and france

the ease of access to information sources in cyberspace and the possibility of uploading information by users has made a great deal of data regarding people’s lives and history available to the public. the rapid dissemination of information and its persistence in various websites and networks has caused users to judge people relying on their past and current data. if the past data is related to matters such as committing a crime, bankruptcy or unacceptable behavior of a person in the past, it will make it difficult for him to change and rehabilitate socially. therefore, in recent years, the need to create such a right as the &right to be forgotten& has been emphasized by some countries, especially european ones.  the result of this study revealed that, &with the acceptance of the ’right to be forgotten,’ anyone can request the deletion of information that has previously been uploaded on websites and social media, either by themselves or in relation to them; provided that they can prove the lack of relevance, insufficiency, or excess beyond the initial purpose of the upload.the exercise of this right will be especially beneficial for individuals who have a criminal record or those who have faced bankruptcy in the business world. although the aforementioned right has attracted the attention of many jurists, some others have approached it with greater caution and have sometimes criticized it. the ’right to be forgotten’ may only be accepted in cases where the individual has uploaded data to the virtual space without any necessary electronic contract and is now requesting its deletion. additionally, it is possible to envision situations where minors have published data and, upon reaching adulthood, wish to have it deleted. this ruling has even been acknowledged in countries that oppose the ’right to be forgotten.’ however, regarding the first case, it should be stated that the individual’s revocation of their consent to upload information is in accordance with the rule, and fundamentally, deleting data as a result of revoking consent cannot be considered an exercise of the ’right to be forgotten.’ ultimately, it is expected that advocates for the creation of such a right will regard it as an exception to the principle of freedom of expression, rather than assuming that data deletion is inherently permissible as stated in article 17 of the general regulations. examining the arguments set forth by both supporters and opponents, we can come to the conclusion that the exercise of this right would be in conflict with such other fundamental rights as those of freedom of expression and free access to information and therefore the presumption should be the impossibility of deleting data. of course, the generality of this principle is restricted to the right of children to delete personal data.