production of toner by in situ emulsion polymerization: investigation of the effect of reaction temperature and stirrer speed

In the present study, the in situ emulsion polymerization method based on styrene and butyl acrylate monomers in the presence of carbon black has been used to produce toner with a conversion percentage above 80%. in this regard, the effect of polymerization reaction temperature and stirrer speed on the particle size and distribution, and color characteristics of the final product were investigated. color measurement was performed to evaluate the color characteristics. also, the microstructure of the synthesized toners was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. the results show that the in situ emulsion polymerization method while having the proper conversion percentage of the reaction, is well able to create the suitable color characteristics and particle size distribution for the toner. all toners produced had a spherical shape that was unaffected by the reaction temperature and stirrer speed. a further increase in temperature, while maintaining the sphericity of the particles, causes them to stick to each other. this type of toner synthesis can be a guide for future researches to produce toner with the highest conversion percentage.

Production of toner by in situ emulsion polymerization: Investigation of the effect of reaction temperature and stirrer speed

In the present study, the in situ emulsion polymerization method based on styrene and butyl acrylate monomers in the presence of carbon black has been used to produce toner with a conversion percentage above 80%. In this regard, the effect of polymerization reaction temperature and stirrer speed on the particle size and distribution, and color characteristics of the final product were investigated. Color measurement was performed to evaluate the color characteristics. Also, the microstructure of the synthesized toners was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the in situ emulsion polymerization method while having the proper conversion percentage of the reaction, is well able to create the suitable color characteristics and particle size distribution for the toner. All toners produced had a spherical shape that was unaffected by the reaction temperature and stirrer speed. A further increase in temperature, while maintaining the sphericity of the particles, causes them to stick to each other. This type of toner synthesis can be a guide for future researches to produce toner with the highest conversion percentage.