human free will, divine and natural determinism

One of the arguments against the existence of god is the problem of evil. based on the fact that the existence of evil in the world indicates that at least there is no god with the characteristics that the abrahamic religions speak of, so the existence of evil challenges the existence of the theistic god. one of the answers to this question and this argument is that human being has free will and consequently moral responsibility. thus, the existence of human free will is a defence that theologians present against the argument of evil. but the existence of the free will, on the other hand, challenges traditional theology. divine determinism has an important role in the theistic approach in philosophy and religious theology to define the divine providence and god as a perfect being. god’s will determines, settles, or fixes every fact so, the world is necessitated by the will of god. on the other hand, based on the consequence argument, in the deterministic world, since every event is necessitated by antecedent events together with the laws of nature, human freedom does not exist, so libertarian freewill and natural determinism are incompatible and also if there is a similarity or identity between physical determinism and divine determinism, libertarian freewill and divine determinism would be incompatible, too. some philosophers have concluded that divine determinism and natural determinism are the same, so human agency and free will are incompatible with divine determinism as with natural determinism. then if we accept divine determinism, we cannot justify freewill and moral responsibility for the human being, so the problem of evil remains and god would be the author of sin. in this paper, we will consider different definition that we have for natural and physical determinism and the relation between them. we will show that if divine determinism and physical determinism are the same, that is, god applies his will to nature and human through the existence of physical determinism, so the consequence argument and the manipulation argument can be rewritten with the divine determinism and it shows the incompatibility of human agency and free will with divine determinism. but if the divine and natural determinism are not the same or even similar, the divine determinism will be compatible with the free will and human agency. in other words, if we define the divine providence only with general divine action, it will be incompatible with free will, but if we understand it as special divine action, it will be compatible with free will.