identification of ibarra-medina- krawinkler hysteresis model parameters using particle swarm optimization algorithm

In order to have an accurate evaluation of the performance of the structures and to achieve an optimum structural design against dynamic loading, it is necessary to have analytical models that consider all significant aspects in the behavior of structural materials. the hysteresis curves provide essential information about the dynamic properties thatdirectly contribute to the behavior of the actual structures during an induced seismic load.