numerical investigation of surface fault rupture hazard mitigation for spread footing

During earthquakes, both transient ground shaking and permanent ground deformation are produced. the fault rupture could arrive at the ground surface and threaten the safety of the potentially existing structures. this could have destructive effects on engineered structures and facilities. recent earthquakes, such as the 1999 earthquake in turkey and taiwan,and the 2008 earthquake in china, have shown that faulting can cause extensive damage to different structures. although surface fault rupture is not a new problem, there are only a few potential mitigation schemes in the world containing sometype of provisions for reducing the risks. fault setbacks or avoidance of construction in the proximity of seismically active faults are usually supposed as the first priority but with increasing demands on land use, avoidance is becoming more difficult and so it would be prudent to have a reliable strategy available for protecting building over fault zone.