comparing the liquefaction behavior of carbonate and silicate sands by energy approach

Many studies demonstrated that carbonate sands exhibit different behavior from silicate sands while experiencing monotonic and cyclic loadings. the reason for this discrepancy is related to different mineralogy, shape characterizations and microstructure of the carbonate and silicate sands. this paper is focused on the response of carbonate and silicate sands to cyclic loading. excess pore pressure generation regime and shear-induced dissipated energy required for onset of liquefaction (capacity energy) are two key parameters that were investigated in this study. for this purpose, some cyclic triaxial and hollow cylinder torsional shear tests have been performed on carbonate sand (hormuz island sand) and silicate sand (firoozkuh sand) with the same grains size distribution. the results show that capacity energy of carbonate sand is considerably higher than the silicate sand but the excess pore water pressure generation regime was the same at both sands.