physical modeling of response of buried pipe with constraints to reverse faulting

The buried pipelines are inseparable section of current society and play a vital role in human’s life. permanent ground displacement (pgd) due to surface faulting is one of the major factors in defects of pipelines in recent earthquakes that might cause leakage of the materials inside the pipe such as oil and gas to surrounding area, leading to bioenvironmental hazards and economic threaten.