liquefaction-induced excess pore pressure generation under foundation and free-field with dynamic centrifuge modelling

Historically, earthquakes have been perceived as one of the most damaging natural hazard. seismic liquefaction of saturated sand is one of the major sources of damage and reason of the foundation’s failure. settlement of shallow foundationsresting on saturated sand has been repeatedly observed throughout the world as a consequence of liquefaction. the main factor of occurrence of this phenomenon, is the tendency for cohesionless soil to contraction. this contraction occurs when the soil is exposed to dynamic loading.