seismic response of pre-cast concrete shear walls with controlled rocking motion using self-centering friction devices

Low damage structural systems are defined as systems in which the earthquake input energy is dissipated in sacrificial fuses. these fuses, if required, can be repaired or replaced after moderate to severe earthquakes. however, some of the low damage systems are expected to have residual displacements after earthquakes. this residual displacement results inproblems in building occupation and imposes re-alignment costs. therefore, a self-centering feature is a bonus when the designer is sure that residual displacement is a problem for the structure being designed.