ground response spectra induced by a liquefiable soil layer as natural seismic isolation

Pore pressure build-up and occurrence of liquefaction phenomena during earthquakes can create two effects including amplification of incoming waves and thus soil subsidence (damage to structures) or attenuation of the seismic motion. it is well known that considering the presence of liquefiable soil layer and pore water pressure induced by it could change the stiffness of the layer and the frequency content of seismic motion (bouckovalas & tsiapas, 2015).