models used for seismic ssi problems: a review

Soil structure interaction, one of the most major subjects in the domain of earthquake engineering, has been paid comprehensive attention internationally in recent decades. soil-structure interaction phenomena concern the wave propagation in a coupled system: buildings erected on the soil surface. its origins trace back to the late 19th century, evolved and matured gradually in the ensuing decades and during the first half of the 20th century, and progressed rapidly in thesecond half stimulated mainly by the needs of the nuclear power and offshore industries, by the debut of powerful computers and simulation tools such as finite elements, and by the needs for improvements in seismic safety. analytical methods to calculate the dynamic soil–structure interaction effects are well established. when there is more than one structure inthe medium, because of interference of the structural responses through the soil, the soil-structure problem evolves to a cross-interaction problem between multiple structures.