an investigation on the accuracy of laboratory measurements of the small-strain soil stiffness

Small-strain soil properties are required for a couple of static or mostly dynamic calculations. the frequent laboratory tests to measure soil properties at small strains include resonant-column and piezoelectric bender element test. other element tests may also measure such properties being equipped with transducers capable of detecting fine quantities. toprobe the accuracy of small-strain measurements at the laboratory, a detailed experimental study was conducted on a dummy polyurethane specimen.