بررسی و نقد نظریه مداخله حداقلی دولت در حقوق خانواده

ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮐﻬﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮﯾﻦ واﺣﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ، اﯾﻦ واﺣﺪ اﻋﺘﺒﺎری در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮی دارای ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎت ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ دوﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﯾﻦ واﺣﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮای ﻣﺮاﻋﺎت ﺣﻘﻮق ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده دﺧﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ را در اﻣﻮر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق داﻧﺎن و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﻣﻄﺮح ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮی دوﻟﺖ در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻪ و ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﺪاماﻧﺪ؟ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺑﺮآﯾﻨﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه وﻻﯾﺖ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه و اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه در ﺣﻘﻮق ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺳﻪ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد دارد: اﻣﺘﻨﺎع زوج از ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﻘﻪ، دوری از زوﺟﻪ و اذﯾﺖ و آزار زوﺟﻪ و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺑﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺘﯽ ﺣﻘﻮق و آزادیﻫﺎی ﻓﺮدی و... ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺐ و ﻃﺮﻓﺪاران دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺳﯽ و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎن ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن دوﻟﺖ رﻓﺎه، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه و دوﻟﺖ رﻓﺎه، اﺷﮑﺎﻻت و ﻧﻘﺪﻫﺎی اﺳﺎﺳﯽ را وارد ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ و اﯾﻨﮑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﺎﺗﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﻮج دوم ﻓﻤﯿﻨﯿﺴﺖ و ... را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل دارد.

an analysis and critique of the theory of minimal state intervention in family law

the family is humanity's oldest social institution and constitutes the smallest unit of any society; as such, it holds certain rights that must be respected. however, the state—as the largest societal unit—intervenes in family affairs to ensure these rights are upheld. legal scholars and sociologists have put forward various perspectives on this matter. using a descriptive-analytical approach, this study seeks to identify the jurisprudential and legal foundations supporting the view that the state should exercise maximum intervention in family life. the research indicates that the jurisprudential basis for this intervention is elucidated through the legal maxim of the ruler's authority over the recalcitrant party (*wilayat-i hakim bar mumtani'*). this principle applies to three specific family-law scenarios: a husband's refusal to provide maintenance (*nafaqah*), abandonment of the wife, and the mistreatment or harassment of the wife. the legal rationale encompasses the preservation of national interests and security, as well as the subordination of individual rights and freedoms to broader objectives. furthermore, proponents of democratic schools of thought and critics of the welfare state globalization model have raised fundamental objections to this perspective; the theory is also associated with consequences such as the emergence of the second wave of feminism.