ارائه‌ مدل عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری علمی در نظام آموزش عالی ایران: یک مطالعۀ ساختاری تفسیری

پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه مدل عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری علمی در نظام آموزش عالی ایران انجام شد. روش پژوهش، مطالعه موردی از نوع مدل سازی بود. جامعه‌ی آماری پژوهش، خبرگان آشنا به حوزه گردشگری علمی شامل اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه های ایران بودند که به صورت نمونه گیری هدفمند 37 نفر انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات شامل اسناد، مصاحبه و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از تکنیک مدل سازی ساختاری تفسیری استفاده شد. در گام اول با بررسی ادبیات پژوهش به شیوۀ مرور نظام مند و همچنین از طریق مصاحبه با صاحب نظران و به رویکرد اسقرایی عوامل موثر بر گردشگری علمی در آموزش عالی استخراج شد و در گام دوم با استفاده از تکنیک 6 مرحله ای مدل سازی ساختاری- تفسیری، مدل مورد نظر استخراج گردید. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که 9 عامل اصلی موثر بر شکل گیری گردشگری آموزش عالی در ایران به ترتیب تاثیرگذاری عبارتند از: تبادلات سیاسی پویا با جهان در سطح ملی، وجود سیاست گذاری های کلان ملی در حوزه تعامل دانشگاهی، تسهیل فرایند پذیرش در ابعاد سیاسی و اداری، وجود زیرساخت های اقتصادی و فنی برای دانشجویان خارجی، سطح زبان بین المللی اعضای هیات علمی و کارکنان و ساختار آموزش عالی پویا و پذیرنده، وجود احساس امنیت در ابعاد اجتماعی، امنیتی و سیاسی برای دانشجویان خارجی و عوامل برند بودن دانشگاه ها و معرفی و ارائۀ جاذبه های تاریخی، فرهنگی و مذهبی به جهانیان.

scientific tourism development: an interpretative structural model for iran’s higher education landscape

the current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of factors affecting the development of scientific tourism in iran’s higher education system. the research method was a modeling case study. the statistical population of the research was the experts familiar with the field of scientific tourism, including the faculty members of iranian universities, who were selected by purposive sampling of 37 people. the data collection tools included documents, interviews, and researcher-made questionnaires, and the interpretive structural modeling technique was used to analyze the data. in the first step, the factors affecting scientific tourism in higher education were extracted by reviewing the research literature using a systematic review method and also through interviews with experts and using the elicitation approach; and in the second step, using the 6-step structural-interpretive modeling, the intended model was extracted. the obtained results showed that the 9 main factors affecting the formation of higher education tourism in iran in influence order are: dynamic political exchanges with the world at the national level, the existence of macro-national policies in the field of academic interaction, facilitating the admission process in the political and administrative dimensions, the existence of economic and technical infrastructures for foreign students, the international language level of faculty and staff members and the structure of dynamic and accepting higher education, the existence of a sense of security in the social, security and political dimensions for foreign students and brand-making factors of universities, and presenting historical, cultural and religious attractions to the world.extended abstractintroductionthe field of tourism, like other scientific fields, is becoming more dynamic day by day, and its form is changing in such a way that the concepts and forms of tourism have changed significantly compared to previous decades (raikkonen et al, 2023). in fact, the view of tourism has shifted from paying attention to its economic consequences as a scientific and cultural opportunity (parvin et al, 2021). one of these areas that have received serious attention in recent years is scientific tourism. for this reason, some experts consider scientific tourism as an alternative to other types of tourism (buzindee et al, 2020). therefore, considering that scientific tourism has significant benefits for both individuals and social institutions, including universities, in the cultural and economic fields; many governments are trying to attract foreign students, student-teacher exchanges, and international interactions. the upstream documents also show that the issue of attracting foreign students and exchange of professors and students as a policy are accepted by the higher education system. based on this, the current research seeks to answer the question: how is the structural-interpretive model of factors affecting the formation of scientific tourism in higher education leveled?theoretical frameworkfrom the perspective of formal and informal learning, tourists participate in a wide range of activities that might be generally considered from two aspects of active and passive learning environments (gossling, 2018). mckercher, reviewing the fields of tourism, has presented them in adventure tourism, agricultural tourism, attraction tourism, battlefield tourism, business tourism, culinary tourism, cultural tourism, educational tourism, event tourism, marine tourism, medical tourism, nature-based tourism, recreational tourism, sexual tourism, sports tourism, urban tourism, and wellness tourism. however, in all types of tourism, learning and acquiring knowledge; whether formally or informally, is prominent. mckercher points out that in all the mentioned types of tourism, &personal search& contains a learning aspect that includes aspects of cultural exchange, something that is directly related to learning (mckercher, 2016). learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills, either through active processes such as study or practice, or through passive processes such as experience or comparison. based on this, what