The Role of Magnesium Sulfate on Ppar-Γ and Nfkb Genes Expression in Muscle To Improve Hyperglycemia in Stz-Induced Diabetic Rat

Background and aim: the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of magnesium (mg2+) on stimulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppar-γ) and inhibition of nuclear factor-kb (nfkb) in muscle to improve glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. methods: male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (10 in each group): non-diabetic control (ndc), mg2+-treated non-diabetic control (mg2+-ndc), chronic diabetic (cd), mg2+-treated chronic diabetic (mg2+-cd), and insulin-treated chronic diabetic (ins-cd). diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (stz) injection. the mg2+-cd and mg2+-ndc groups received 10 g/l of magnesium sulfate (mgso4) added to drinking water and ins-cd group received 2.5 u/kg of insulin. the blood glucose level and body weight were measured every week for 4 month. the expression of ppar-γ and nfkb (p65) genes and proteins in gastrocnemius muscle were detected by real-time pcr and immunohistochemistry, respectively. results: diabetes increased nfkb gene and protein expression. although mg2+ therapy could not decrease nfkb gene expression, the protein decreased by mg2+ therapy. insulin decreased nfkb gene and protein expression, without any effect on ppar-? gene and protein expression. moreover, ppar-? gene and protein expression as well as blood glucose levels were decreased by administration of magnesium. conclusion: magnesium plays a key role in suppressing nfkb protein synthesis and increases in ppar-γ gene and protein expression. however, decreasing in nfkb (p65) gene and protein expression help insulin to decrease blood glucose level.