Evaluation of Glargine Insulin Expression Using B1 Domain of Streptococcal Protein G Tag

Background and aim: : insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin, used in the management of diabetes. it contains 53 amino acids with a molecular weight of 6063 dalton and is produced in escherichia coli strain k12. insulin glargine is different from human insulin as contains glycine instead of asparagine in position 21 of the a-chain and by carboxy-terminal extension of b-chain by 2 arginine residues. the arginine amino acids shift the isoelectric point from 5.4 to 6.7, making the molecule more soluble at an acidic ph and less soluble at physiological ph. studies have shown that the critical and main issue in producing glargine is in its expression and solubility. some tags are seen to solve these issues; b1 domain of streptococcal protein g (gb) tag increases protein expression. as result, we fused glargine with gb-tag to enhance its expression.methods: we obtained the nucleotide sequence of the insulin glargine. the codons were optimized using e.coli codon usage and the gene was inserted into the puc57 expression vector between two restriction sites of nde i and xho i enzymes and then cloned into pet-28a⁺ vector. the recombinant vector was transferred into e. coli strain bl21 (de3). as our vector contains kanamycin resistance gene, it was possible to screen recombinant vector using lb agar medium containing kanamycin. to evaluate and determine the best expression condition for gb-glargine and glargine, both proteins were expressed in lb and m9 broth for 6h, 9h, and 18 h at 18°c, 25°c a,nd 37°c after inducing the expression by 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm of isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg). sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) was used to determine the expression difference between glargine and gb-glargine proteins.results: the constructed expression vectors, pet28 insulin glargine were transformed into e. coli bl21 (de3) to obtain a recombinant strain, bl21 (de3) /pet28-insulin glargine sds-page illustrated results of glargine expression in all conditions were the same; glargine protein consisting gb tag also showed the same pattern of expression in different conditions. however, a significant difference was observed between glargine and glargine containing gb tag; in this regard, the expression was seen to be increased when glargine is fused with gb-tag.conclusion: the finding of our study shows that gb-tag enhances the expression of glargine like other studies which have used the gb-tag.