Differentiation in Plant Tissue Culture

Differentiation in plants refers to the processes by which distinct cell types arise from precursor cells and become different from each other. it is strongly associated with callus formation since callus is widely regarded as a proliferating mass of dedifferentiated cells. dedifferentiation and re-differentiation are take place during plant tissue culture and this whole procedure is called as regeneration.in this research we have explained the procedure of direct and indirect callus induction and histology studies from petiole and stem of sorrel. results showed that, organogenesis can come up after developing of some active and merestimic like cells that gradually form primordia tissues. somatic embryogenesis is another developmental stage in plant tissue culture. somatic embryogenesis as a high throughput regeneration method were optimized in canola, maize, rice and fennel. results showed decrease of auxins after callus induction can act as a key element at the induction of somatic embryogenesis. developmental stages in somatic embryogenesis from all explants were included as globular, heart, tropoda and cotyledonary structure. this is very similar to the zygotic embryogenesis in higher plants. the optimized procedure can be used for micro propagation or basically for metabolic engineering and plant transformation. we applied sorrel tissue culture to study of mads-box genes and identification their role in floral development. canola anther culture is a unique method in breeding of haploid. optimized tissue culture in maize from immature embryo and rice from adult seeds were used for metabolic engineering to get seeds and vegetative tissue with high oil content and enrichment of their fatty acid composition.