Genetic Diversity of Promised Russian Grapevine Genotype and Varieties By Using Inter Single Sequence Repeat (Issr) Dna Marker

Background and aim: genetic diversity determination and its preservation in a plant species are important in breeding programs and plant protection. the key to the success of any plant-breeding program is the existence of genetic diversity. knowledge of diversity at the molecular level of dna is important for the study of evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, the development of a genetic map and the evaluation of ecological and environmental traits and adaptations.methods: this study carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of russian grapevine varieties by using inter simple sequence repeats (issr) molecular marker. the dna extraction was done by the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) method. fifteen issr primers were used which included ubc-815, ubc-817, ubc-823, ubc-825, ubc-826, ubc-834, ubc-841, ubc-846, ubc-849, ubc-850, ubc-855, ubc-856, ubc-873, ubc-877 and ubc-889. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) samples were electrophoresed in 3.1% agarose gel. molecular indexes were included: polymorphic percentage index, polymorphic information content (pic), marker index (mi), effective multiplex ratio (emr) and resolving power (rp). cluster analysis with the upgma method was used based on the jaccard coefficient because of the proper dendrograms presenting (without chains), higher cophenetic correlation, and especially proper grouping and in accordance with morphological traits. the linear discriminant function was used to determine the accuracy of the grouping of cultivars and genotypes. the calculations were performed using genalex, ntsys, and spss ver.21 software.results: the ubc-815 and ubc-834 primer had no clear and concise bands. overall 73 bands were obtained from the 13 primers of the issr molecular marker which 64 bands were polymorphic and the total polymorphism was 88.1%. the size of the bands varied between 100 and 1500 base pairs. ubc-823, ubc-825, ubc-841, ubc-846, ubc-855, and ubc-873 primers had 100% polymorphism. the lowest polymorphism (66.7%) also belonged to the ubc-817 primer. the highest and lowest polymorphic content indexes were 0.487 and 0.216 for ubc-825 and ubc-856 primers, respectively. the cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (upgma) method based on jaccard's coefficient of similarity led to the classification of 72 grape varieties with a similarity value of 0.12 to 0.89 in seven different groups.conclusion: in the present study, a high variation was observed among grapevine cultivars. since the issr molecular marker could well differentiate and classify different cultivars in separate groups, it can be said that the issr markers are an efficient and reliable marker system for analyzing the genetic diversity of grape varieties.