nanoliposome-encapsulated glutathione improves dna fragmentation of frozen-thawed bull sperm

Backgrand and aim: the objective was to evaluate effects of liposomes for intracellular delivery and slow release of reduced glutathione (gsh) into bull sperm.methods: liposomes containing 2.5 mm gsh were prepared using a thin-film preparation method, then sonicated to achieve different particle size (diameter of > 50, 50-100 and <100 nm, zeta potential of -19 mv and polydispersity index of 0.29). in total, 48 ejaculates were obtained from six holstein bulls. nanoliposomes containing 2.5 mm gsh with different particle size ( >50 (nl1), 50-100 (nl2) or <100 (nl3) were added to a tris-based extender prior to semen cryopreservation and compare to anderomed (control).results: encapsulation efficiency was 88.24%. total and progressive motility and membrane integrity were highest (p < 0.05) in nl2 (82.6 ± 0.8 and 48.1 ± 1.0 respectively), but not significantly different from nl1 (85.0 ± 0.8 and 46.5 ±1.0). percentage of sperm with a dna fragmentation was higher (p < 0.05) in the nl2 group than in nl1 and nl3 (4.7 ± 1.0, 5.5 ± 1.0 and 5.9 ± 1.0%) but not different from andromed (4.2 ± 1.0). conclusion: nl2 optimized cryosurvival of sperm from holstein bulls.