Whole-Genome Analysis To Detect Snps in Some Honeybee (Apis Mellifera) Subspecies Using Whole Genome Sequencing Data

Background and aim: honeybees are an important member of nature as pollinators, so when this useful insect is destroyed, the life on earth faces serious threats. the bee has many subspecies and each of these subspecies has its own characteristics. one of the main causes of variation among subspecies of a particular species is mutation or variant. among the mutations that occur in the genome, the most frequent is the point mutation called single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). thus, by identifying snps that occur at the genome of organisms, one of the main causes of variation among these subspecies at the allelic level can be identified.methods: therefore, in this study, we attempted to identify snps in the genome of five european honeybee (apis mellifera) subspecies using whole genome sequencing data analysis. data from this study were downloaded from the ncbi database and after preprocessing of the reads, they were aligned on the honeybee reference genome (a.mel 4.5 version). pcr duplicates were then removed and variants were called and snps were extracted after filtering the variants.results: the results showed that there were 1,161,215 snps into carniolan honeybee (apis mellifera carnica) genome, 1,902,818 snps into spanish honeybee (apis mellifera iberiensis) genome, 2,335,447 snps into arabian honeybee (apis mellifera jemenitica) genome, 1,830,598 snps into german dark bee (apis mellifera mellifera) and 2,871,742 snps into african bee (apis mellifera scutellata) genome.conclusion: the highest heterozygosity was also found in african bees, indicating that this subspecies was closely related to the honeybee origin population.