prediction of ice formation using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (sph) method

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (sph) was applied to simulate the three-phase phenomenon of ice formation on a solid surface exposed to air flow in three dimensions# the air flow carried sub-cooled water droplets# the method was verified by comparing its prediction of the rate of ice formed with the literature data# the effect of air flow velocity on the amount and rate of ice formation was investigated# it was seen that with increasing the air flow velocity the amount of formed ice was also increased# moreover, two defrosting schedules of constant heat flux on the surface were examined# according to the results, the reduction percent of ice formation was increased by increasing the heat flux and the reductions were more significant at lower air velocities#