introducing an optimal model and dimensions of lightweight membrane canopy for hot and dry climate of city of semnan in iran

In urban open spaces, especially in large cities with warm climates, the users experience high thermal loads, which cause thermal discomfort. the thermal comfort in open spaces can be improved by shading. the problem is shading and protecting the open spaces from stresses caused by overheating of the earth's surface and the environment. the importance of shade and reducing radiation in achieving thermal comfort in open urban spaces is to increase the human presence, create a climate change, and increase the comfort conditions. recognizing the factors that create shadows such as canopies and their characteristics can create a favorable space in order to enjoy the abilities of the outdoor space. new membranes have many characteristics of nomadic tents, and due to the creation of shade and natural ventilation, are very suitable for the areas with hot climates. introducing an optimal model and the dimensions of a lightweight membrane canopy can create the outdoor thermal comfort, and increase the efficiency of the outdoor spaces. in this work, the library, field, and simulation studies are used. according to the field studies, the presence of membrane canopy can cause the temperature differences of up to 7.8 ◦c. the simulation results with ansys, envi-met, and ladybug plugin show that the membrane canopy cools the space below, and prevents overheating. among the four canopy models, the saddle canopy is suitable with a 40.63% impact on the environment, and creates a cooler space under the canopy. therefore, a lightweight saddle membrane canopy with dimensions of 5*5 square meters and a useful height of 3 m is introduced as a suitable model of membrane canopy for the hot climate of the city of semnan in iran.