تعیین شرایط بهینه تولید سوخچه در دو تیپ روزبلند و روزکوتاه پیاز خوراکی

به‌منظور تعیین شرایط بهینه تولید سوخچه و بررسی خاصیت انبارمانی سوخچه‌های تولیده شده آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در قالب اسپلیت‌پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کبوتر‌آباد اصفهان در سال زراعی 95-1394 اجرا گردید. در این پژوهش تاثیر سه تاریخ تهیه خزانه (10 فروردین، 10 اردیبهشت و 10 خرداد) و دو میزان بذر (15 و 30 گرم) بر تولید آنیون‌ست سه رقم پیاز بهاره در اصفهان (درچه اصفهان، سفید کاشان و یلو‌سوئیت اسپانیش) بررسی شد. تاثیر سه تاریخ کاشت (20 اردیبهشت، 20 خرداد و 20 تیر) و دو میزان بذر (15 و 20 گرم) بر تولید سوخچه رقم روزکوتاه تگزاس‌ارلی گرانو در آزمایش دوم بررسی گردید. در آزمایش سوم انبارمانی سوخچه‌ها طی چهار ماه در انبار معمولی بررسی شد و در آزمایش چهارم تاثیر نگهداری 60 روز قبل از کاشت آنیون‌ست‌ها در انبار گرم بر درصد زنده‌مانی، پوسیدگی، سبز شدن و پوکی مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد بهترین تاریخ تهیه خزانه پیاز روزبلند به لحاظ بیشترین تعداد آنیون‌ست 10 اردیبهشت بود. همچنین میانگین قطر آنیون‌ست‌ها با مصرف 15 گرم بذر در مترمربع بیشتر از 30 گرم در مترمربع بود. نتایج بررسی انبارمانی آنیون‌ست‌ها طی 118 روز در انبار معمولی نشان داد که در توده درچه اصفهان، سفید کاشان و سوئیت‌اسپانیش به‌ترتیب 16، 36 و 39 درصد از آنیون‌ست‌ها در اثر سبزشدن، پوکی و پوسیدگی از بین رفته و بقیه قابل کاشت بودند. در آزمایش چهارم به‌ترتیب 75، 56 و 51 درصد از آنیون‌ست‌های توده درچه، کاشان و سوئیت‌اسپانیش پس از 60 روز نگهداری در انبار گرم زنده مانده و قابل کاشت بودند. به‌طور کلی کشت بهاره ارقام روزبلند پیاز توسط آنیون‌ست با تاریخ خزانه‌گیری 10 اردیبهشت و تراکم بذر 15 گرم در مترمربع قابل‌توصیه است.

Optimazation of Dry Onion Sets Production in Long Day and Short Day Types

1. Introduction: Planting onion sets instead of seeds or seedlings in situations where factors such as physical and chemical quality of soil and water are very limiting, is the safest planting method to achieve maximum plant establishment in the ground. In order to determine the appropriate planting date and density (in the treasury), storage conditions of bulbs in storage and the response of cultivars belonging to the long day type to this method of onion production, the present plan was implemented to optimize the conditions of production and storage of anions. Appropriate means, it is possible to compare the agricultural problems of this production method with common methods such as direct seeding and planting seedlings in the present study. 2. Materials and Methods: In order to determine the optimazation of dry onion sets production and to examine the storage capacity of produced dryonion sets, a field experiment was carried out in Kabutar Abad Research Station in Isfahan during 20152016 in a split split plot experiment based on RCBD with three replication.The effects of nursery planting date (30 March, 30 April, 30 May), plant density (15 and 30 g m2) and variety (Dorche, White Kashan and Sweet spanish) on dry onion sets pruduction in long day condition, this experiment. In a separate experiment, three planting date (9 May, 9 June and 10 July) and two plant density (15 and 30 g m2) in a short variaty was examinated. Also, in order to investigate the possibility of using heat treatment to reduce or stop bolting, another experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications for the three cultivars. In each repetition, 400 anions (randomly with a size of 10 to 20 mm) are distributed in plastic nets and in a warehouse whose temperature is supplied by a gas heater and between 28 and 32°C was, for a period of two months (from February 10 to April 10) and the number of surviving onion sets was calculated after removing those that were rotten, green and hollow. Experimental data were analyzed by SAS software version 9.4 and the means were compared based on Duncan’s multiple range test.3. Results and Discussion: According to the results, the best planting date was 30 April by the mean 616 onion sets pruduction for all three variety in long day types and 9 may by the mean 311 inion sets in short day types and the effect of seed weight (15 and 30 g m2) was nonsignificant. In two separate experiments, storability of onion sets was examinated in ambient storage (628 °C) after 118 days and warm storage (> 30 °C) after 60 days. The cause of this phenomenon can be traced to the reaction of the onion plant to the length of the day, so that the cultivar in question, due to its short day, in the face of long and hot days, without being able to develop and produce enough leaves, enters the production stage. They are fried and of course their size will be very small. Results indicated that 84%, 64% and 61% of onion sets survied in the first condition for three population (Dorche, kashan and Sweet Spanish). What was evident in this experiment was that most of the surviving onion sets were those who had completed the maturation process in the field, and conversely, the higher storage losses were in those that had leaves and leaves at harvest. Growth has been observed. Such a phenomenon was also observed in edible bulbs, so that bulbs with thick necks and green leaves are more susceptible to the entry and establishment of pathogens during storage during harvest. An observational estimate in this experiment indicates that the percentage of green onion sets is not more than normal storage and the main losses are due to depletion and water loss. As reported in the storage of edible onions, very high temperatures (about 38 °C) and very low temperatures (about 0 °C) both prevent flowering and sprouting of bulbs.4. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from the four experiments, in the first planting date, due to the existence of sufficient time (from emergence to harvest) and coincidence of leaf production with favorable environmental conditions (high temperature and long day length), a larger share of total yield to shoots Coarse was allocated and as a result the number of onion sets was reduced. Finally, they did not enter the phase of coagulation and anion production. In summary, spring sowing of longday onion cultivars by onion sets with a treasury date of 10 May and a seed density of 15 g m2 is recommended.